病理生理学--Brain Dysfunction【课件】.pptVIP

Brain Dysfunction Department of pathophysiology, Tongji medical college, HUST Introduction Structural Characteristics It is located inside the skull, protects brain from injury, confines the brain It is composed of neurons and glial cells The blood supply is from twin vertebral arteries and carotis interna The brain blood barrier protects brain from invasion of toxic insults Structure of Neuron Cellular Functions Neuron is in charge of different functions Glia nourishes and protects the neurons Characteristics of Metabolism The most active organ in energy metabolism Glucose is almost the only source of brain energy The storage of glucose in the brain is very limited Characteristics of Brain Diseases Region-dependent consequences to injuries Limited capacity for self repair Acute brain damages will cause disturbance in consciousness whereas chronic lesions usually lead to cognitive dysfunction Cognitive Disorders Major Manifestations Learning and memory disorders Aphasia Agonosia Apraxia Dementia Etiology and Pathogenesis Chronic brain damage Chronic systemic diseases Mental and psychic disorders Other factors Chronic Brain Damage Imbalance of regulating molecules in the brain Protein aggregation in the brain Chronic cerebral ischemic injury Environmental and metabolic toxins Cerebral trauma Brain aging Imbalance of Regulating Molecules Dopamine Norepinephrine Acetylcholine (Ach) Glutamate Aberrant neuropeptide Lack of neurotrophic factors Protein Aggregation in The Brain Gene mutations Abnormal post-translational modification Infection of slow virus in the brain Gradual memory loss Decline in the ability to perform routine tasks Disorientation Difficulty in learning Loss of language skills Impairment of judgment and planning Personality changes Accumulation of tau and A?in AD PHF and NFT by EM Chronic Cerebral Ischemic Injury Energy exhaustion and acidosis Intracellular calcium overload Free radical injury Ex