杏品种花器官过冷却点及结冰点的研究.docVIP

杏品种花器官过冷却点及结冰点的研究 Abstract: 【Objective】 to provide basic data for study on the mechanism of frost by making clear the changes of supercooling poin (SCP) and freezing point (FP) in flower and young fruit at different developmental stages of apricot, and the differences among floral organs.【Method】Using an artificial climate chamber, SCP and FP in flower and young fruit at different developmental stage and the degree of freezing damage of floral organs in three apricot cultivars were studied.【Result】With the development of flower buds, SCP and FP increased, which indicated that cold resistance decreased. SCP and FP varied with different floral organs. For different apricot cultivars, the lower SCP or FP of floral organs was, the more resistance the cultivar had, and the lager the interval between SCP and FP was. SCP was not a constant value, but a range. The frequency of SCP in petals was more dispersing than that in stamens and pistils. Floral organs could maintain a supercooling state to avoid ice formation, but they were sensitive to freezing. Once floral organs froze, they turned brown after thawing.【Conclusion】SCP and FP varied with different developmental stage and different floral organs. Key words: Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.); Floral organs; Supercooling point; Freezing point; Frost 0 引言 【研究意义】近年来，由于暖冬现象而引起的晚霜危害在中国北方杏产区发生频繁，导致杏大面积减产，甚至绝收，给生产带来巨大损失[14]。因此，深入研究杏抗寒机理，对于选育优质、抗寒品种及预防晚霜危害具有理论和实际意义。【前人研究进展】关于杏霜冻害机理的研究已取得一定进展，如霜冻发生后对不同杏品种抗霜能力进行田间调查[56]，利用低温冰箱设置不同低温，研究霜冻对杏花器官、幼果生理生化和组织结构的影响[711]，或通过电导法配以Logistic方程推导的半致死温度（LT50），及根据田间调查与百叶箱记录的最低温度建立关系确定杏花器官和幼果霜冻的临界温度[1214]。但生产实际中杏花霜冻发生时期往往呈现不规律性，即霜冻害可能在杏花发育的不同时期发生，因此，研究杏花不同发育时期花器官及幼果抗霜的临界温度，对于深入研究杏霜冻害机理具有重要的意义。【本研究切入点】目前，关于杏花不同发育时期花器官、幼果抗霜的临界温度及抗寒性的研究尚未见报道。【拟解决的关键问题】本试验采用能够准确模拟自然界霜夜降温过程的人工模拟霜箱[1011,15]，以不同杏花器官、幼果为试材，研究杏花不同发育时期花器官、幼果的过冷却点和结冰点及对低温的反应。阐明杏花不同发育时期花器官、幼果的过冷却点、结冰点温度，为深入研究杏花期霜冻机理提供基础数据。 1 材料与方法 试材选自保定市满城绿龙杏生产园凯特、金太阳、红荷包3个杏（Prunus armeniaca Linn.）品种，树龄5～6年生。分别于大蕾期、初花期、盛花期、幼果期（盛花后9 d），随机取每个品种东、西、南、北4个方向树冠中部的