台灣商港的主要天文潮汐與潮流的特性比較.docVIP

台灣商港的主要天文潮汐與潮流的特性比較 張憲國1 莊文傑2 曾相茂2 1交通大學土木工程學系教授 2 交通部運輸研究所港灣技術研究中心研究員 摘要 本文探討台灣7個主要商港的主要天文潮汐與潮流的振幅比、潮流橢圓的傾斜角及扁平率。選用資料為港研中心2009至2010年實測的潮汐與水流資料，分析方法為60個分潮的調和分析。從結果顯示，潮流的能量佔總水流的能量比值遠小於天文潮汐的能量比；一般而言，前者約在0.5以下，而後者可達0.9以上。臺北港的天文潮汐與潮流分別佔潮汐與水流相當高比例；但高雄港卻是最低的比值。各站天文潮汐與總水位殘差均方根在平均值為9.7 cm，天文潮流與總水流的殘差均方根，除臺中港為24 cm/s外，其他約在10 cm/s至15 cm/s範圍。各港前10大主要分潮的潮流橢圓的傾斜角大多傾斜同一方向，但多數港的Sa分潮 關鍵詞: 調和分析、潮流橢圓、天文潮汐、決定係數 Performance comparison of main components of astronomic tides and tidal currents at seven Taiwan ports Hsien-Kuo Chang * Wen-Jye Juang Hsiang-Mao Tseng * Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University Abstract The paper investigates the proformance of amplitude ratio of main astronomic tides and inclination angle and flatness of tidal currents at seven Taiwan ports. Observed data of tides and currents at seven ports by IHMT for 2009 and 2010 were analyzed by the harmonic analysis considering 60 constituents. The ratio of energy of tidal currents to that of total currents is much lower than that of astronomic tides to whole water levels. In general, the former is below 0.5 and the later exceeds 0.9. The differences between astronomic tides and whole water levels at seven ports show a mean of root mean square error about 9.7 cm. Root mean square error between tidal currents and observed currents is within a range of 10 cm/s to 15 cm/s except a value of 24 cm/s for the Taichung harbor. The inclination angles of main axises of tidal current ellipses for most of 10 largest constituents of tides show approximate directions. Particularly, Sa constituent at most ports has a almost southward or northward movement. Particular performance of tides and tidal currents at ports of both Kaohiung and Taichung different from those of other ports needs futher researches on hydrodynamics for physical explanation. Key words: harmonic analysis, ellipse of tidal current, astronomic tide, coefficient of determination . 一、前言 潮汐是海水位約12至24 小時週期升降的自然現象，由於潮汐的空間高低差異會造成水體