量子理论基础中的疑难问题及open问题.pptVIP

Classical Interpretations of Kapitza-Dirac Effect 司徒树平 中山大学理工学院物理系 July 2006, Lanzhou Abstract A classical theory of scattering of an electron beam by a laser standing wave (the Kapitza-Dirac effect) is presented. The prediction of the theory is compared to the experimental results. The results of this theoretical approach is in good agreement with the experimental measurements. Introduction In 1923, de.Broglie proposed the concept of wave-particle duality In 1927 , Davisson and Germer Observed the diffraction of electron by a periodic material structure. In 1933, Kapitza and Dirac suggested that a beam of electron should also be diffracted by a standing light wave, known as “Kapitza-Dirac effect”. They predicted that the deflection is required to obey the first-order Bragg condition with a lattice-spacing ,and the probability of an electron being deflected is proportional to the square of the light beam ，They also pointed out that the intensity of ordinary light source is too low for any possible experimental observations. After the advent of laser, the experimental investigation of this effect became possible. Several experimental observations were reported. The experiment in 1988 demonstrated the Kapitza-Dirac effect with high intensity laser power. ‘The electron motion is most easily analyzed by classical electrodynamics.’ P.H.Bucksbaum, D.W.Schumacher, and M. Bashkansky, Phys.Rev. Lett,61,1182,(1988) Recent Experiment Recently, An experimental observation of scattering of electron by the standing wave was reported. A series of electron peaks at different scattering angles were clearly shown and is in beautiful agreement with the Kapitza–Dirac theory. Freimund, D. L., Aflatooni, K. Batelaan, H. “Observation of the Kapitza–Dirac effect”,Nature 413, 142 - 143 (2001). Freimund, D. L Batelaan, H. “Bragg Scattering of Free Electrons Using the Kapitza–Dirac Effect”,Phys. Rev.Lett. 89, 28 (283602). Schematic of the Batelaan’s experimental apparatu