高中英语作文策略教学之语篇衔接与连贯性The Teaching of .pptVIP

* * 高中英语作文策略教学 之 语篇衔接与连贯性 The Teaching of Writing Strategies: Cohesion Coherence 桐乡第二中学 苏克银 March 23, 2008 《普通高中英语课程标准》（2003）指出，高中英语写作测试的要点有五点，即（1）内容清楚、连贯；（2）结构完整；（3）逻辑性强；（4）主题突出；（5）用词及文体恰当。同时，课程标准也规定了写作总体评价标准的五个方面，即内容要点、语言使用效果、结构和连贯性、格式和语域、与目标读者的交流等。从课程标准提出的测试要点和总体评价标准我们不难看出其对语篇衔接的要求，如要求机构完整、逻辑性强等，以及对语言连贯性的要求，如要求内容清楚、要点清晰连贯等。另外，在课程标准提出的五挡分类标准中，都不同程度地对语篇的衔接或语义连贯性做出了要求，如：  高中作文评估要求 第五挡：有效采用不同连接手段，层次清楚； 第四挡：采用了较适当的衔接手法，层次清楚； 第三挡：采用了简单的衔接手法，内容较连贯，层次较清楚； 第二挡：未采用合适的衔接手法，内容缺少连贯性，层次不清楚； 第一挡：未使用基本的衔接手法，内容不连贯，缺少 组织，层次不清楚。 语篇的衔接方式 （1）照应（或指代）：指用代词等语法手段来表示语义关系，可分为人称照应、指示照应和比较照应。 (2)替代：指用替代形式去替代上下文出现的词语，可分为名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代。 (3)省略：指省去句子某一部分。 (4)连接词：指连接句子的各种连词、副词等。 (5)词汇连接：指通过重复上文已经出现过的词来达到语篇的连贯。 语义连贯性.实例1 Context 1: A is addressing her husband who is clearing out the garden shed. A: Are you wearing gloves? B: No. A: What about the spiders? B: They ‘re not wearing gloves either. 语义连贯性.实例2 Context 2: University of Hong Kong campus A: Did you enjoy your Christmas ? B: I was in Beijing. 语篇衔接.演练1 China ___ the USA are___large countries, ___China is a little larger ___ an area of 9.6 million km2. ___ , the population of China is many times ___ the USA. ___ has a population of nearly 1.3 billion, ___ the USA has only about 283 million, ______ we can see ___ there is much ___ room in the USA ___ in China. and both but with However larger than It while from which that more than 语篇衔接.演练2 Many different languages are spoken in China, ________Chinese, Mongolian, Zhuang. In the USA many different languages are spoken___, ____the main ones are English ____Spanish. ____countries have many different minority groups. ________, in China, there are 55 minority groups. There is a larger black population in the USA ____there are also many people from Central America ____a small population of Chinese-Americans. for example too but and Both For example and and （1）照应（或指代）：指用代词等语法手段来表示语义关系，可分为人称照应、指示照应和比较照应。例如： I just met your brother. He is a nice boy. You failed the e