开挖卸荷瞬态特性研究.pdf

第 27 卷 第 11 期 岩石力学与工程学报 Vol.27 No.11 2008 年 11 月 Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering Nov .，2008 开挖卸荷的瞬态特性研究 卢文波，周创兵，陈 明，金 李，严 鹏 (武汉大学 水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430072) 摘要：针对中、高地应力条件下的岩体爆破开挖，通过岩体开挖荷载释放过程的力学分析及卸荷持续时间的计算， 提出并论证岩体开挖荷载的释放为瞬态卸荷的观点，认为在中、高地应力条件下，岩体开挖荷载的释放需要考虑 荷载的瞬态特性及其动力效应。同时，对与分段微差爆破对应的分步开挖荷载、瞬态卸荷方式、开挖卸荷诱发围 岩振动及节理岩体瞬态卸荷松动机制等关键问题进行讨论。最后，结合二滩和瀑布沟等高地应力地区水电站地下 厂房开挖瞬态卸荷诱发围岩振动的实测资料及观察到的动力破坏现象，对所提出的观点进行例证。 关键词：岩石力学；爆破；开挖卸荷；瞬态卸荷；动力效应 中图分类号：TU 45 ；TV 542 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000 –6915(2008)11 –2184 –09 RESEARCH ON TRANSIENT CHARACTERISTICS OF EXCAVATION UNLOADING LU Wenbo ，ZHOU Chuangbing ，CHEN Ming，JIN Li ，YAN Peng (State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science ，Wuhan University，Wuhan，Hubei 430072 ，China) Abstract ：On the basis of the analysis of process of excavation unloading and the calculation of its releasing duration，it is shown that the excavation unloading during rock blasting is a transient process under middle to high in-situ stress conditions. It is proposed that the transient characteristics of the excavation unloading and correspondingly induced dynamic responses of surrounding rock should be considered under middle to high in-situ stress conditions. Problems such as the determination of divisional excavation unloading corresponding to millisecond delay initiation ，the path of transient releasing of excavation unloading ，releasing of excavation unloading-induced vibration and the mechanism of dynamic loosening of jointed rock mass induced by the transient unloading of in-situ stress ，