坡地果園覆蓋作物之水土保持效益研究.docVIP

坡地果園覆蓋作物之水土保持效益研究 研究生：鄭慶生 Cheng, Ching-Sheng 陳慶雄 Chen, Ching-Hsiung本研究之目的在探討坡地果園不同覆蓋作物及敷蓋對土壤性質，水土和地表養分流失及主作物生育之影響情形，並觀察覆蓋作物生長習性，以瞭解不同覆蓋作物之水土保持效益。利用鳳山熱帶園藝試驗分所緩坡地荔枝園試驗區(坡度11度，採逄機完全區集設計，二重複，八處理包括：地毯草覆蓋、自然雜草覆蓋、兩耳草覆蓋、淨耕對照區、百慕達草覆蓋、假儉草覆蓋、類地毯草覆蓋及百喜草覆蓋。) 及陡坡地檬果園試驗區(坡度25度，採逢機完全區集設計，二重複，五處理包括：百喜草覆蓋、百喜草帶狀覆蓋及敷蓋、假儉草覆蓋、百慕達草覆蓋及淨耕對照區。)，自1987至2002年之各項觀測調查資料加以整理分析，以探討坡地果園不同覆蓋作物之水土保持效益，藉以選取坡地果園較適用之覆蓋作物及栽培方式，以提供坡地土壤管理和保育設計參考。茲將結果摘述如下：1.緩坡地果園覆蓋處理在減少水土和養分流失及改善土壤理化性質等效果較淨耕對照區佳，而且差異極顯著，其中又以百喜草及假儉草較佳，二者之間差異不顯著。2.在與本試驗各項條件近似的緩坡地果園，於山邊溝間距範圍內採用百喜草或假儉草均能有效控制水土及養分流失，改善土壤理化性，但百喜草覆蓋需注意對主作物生育之影響，假儉草覆蓋則需維持完密覆蓋，以確保其水土保持效益。3.假儉草在陡坡地果園生育較差，其在減少水土和養分流失，改善土壤物理性等效果較百喜草覆蓋與百喜草帶狀覆蓋及敷蓋二個處理差，而且在統計上差異達顯著標準。4.在與本試驗各項條件近似的陡坡地果園，於山邊溝間距範圍內採用百喜草帶狀覆蓋及敷蓋處理能有效控制水土和養分流失，改善土壤理化性，且有利於主作物生育，兼具覆蓋及敷蓋之優點，為陡坡地果園較適宜之水土保持方法。覆蓋作物 ; 敷蓋 ; 水土保持效益 ; 坡地果園The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different crop covering and mulching practices on soil properities, soil and water and nutrient losses and on growth of main crops in sloping orchards. Two experimental plots, at Fengshan Horticultural Experimental Station and planted with litchi and mango and treated with various cover crops and mulching practices, have been monitored from 1987 to 2002. The results obtained are as follows:1. Crop covering by grasses significantly reduces soil, water and nutrent losses and improves soil physical and chemical properties than the clean cultivation. Bahia grass and centipede grass are among the best but no significant difference was observed.2. Crop covering by bahia grass or centipede grass on hillside ditched slopes similar to the experimental plots can effectively control soil, water and nutrient losses and improve soil properities. But bahia grass covering affects the growth of fruit trees. To attain the effects of centipede grass, the plots ground cover should be maintained.3. On steeper slopes, centipede grass is significantly less effective than either treatment of bahia grass covering and bahia grass strip coverin