宋代学者型藏书家对图书馆事业的贡献.docVIP

宋代学者型藏书家对图书馆事业的贡献 王东峰 （洛阳师范学院图书馆，洛阳，471022） 摘要：宋代私家藏书业大盛，其中不少人属于博学多才的学者型藏书家。他们藏书的目的，不仅仅是停留在保存和鉴赏的阶段，而是为了研究学问和进行著述。他们对家藏图书进行校勘、编目、辑佚、注释等一系列整理工作，提高了图书质量及其学术价值，促进了图书的流传及其文献价值的充分利用，为后人留下许多宝贵的文化典籍。他们总结和丰富了中国传统图书馆学、目录学、版本学、校勘学理论，对后世学术产生重大影响。此外，他们开始大规模地收藏和研究金石文献，开辟了图书收藏的新途径，并由此形成一门专科之学——“金石学”。 关键词：宋代；学者型藏书家；藏书实践；藏书理论 The Song scholar-bibliophiles’ contribution to the library cause Abstract: The private bibliophile is flourish in Song Dynasty, many of them belonging to the erudite scholar-bibliophiles. The purpose of their book collections, not just stay in the preservation and appreciation of the stage, but in order to study learning and writings. They engaged in a series of work on their book collections by collating, cataloging, addendums, comments so that to improve the quality of books and its academic value, promotion of books circulated and take full advantage of their literature value. moreover, they handed down many valuable cultural books for generations.They concluded and Enriched Chinese traditional library science, bibliography, version, collation science theory, and have a significant impact on later academic.In addition, they began a large-scale collections and study epigraphy literature so that have opened up a new way of collection of books, and thus formation of a specialized subject--epigraphy. Key words: Song Dynasty; scholar-bibliophile; the practice of book collections; the theory of book collections 我国私家藏书在文化传承中占有举足轻重的地位统治者推崇以文治国，士人不论出身门第，一旦通过科举即可立致功名天下向学，文风鼎盛，夹漈晁公武、李易安、尤延之、王伯厚、马端临等，皆手自校雠，分类精当。王明清《挥麈后录》卷七先祖早岁登科，游宦四方，留心典籍，经营收拾，所藏书逮数万卷，皆手自校雠，贮之于乡里。汝阴士大夫多朱弁虽不及宋氏，而校雠最为精确亲自为每种书撰写提要，晁公武《郡斋读书志》、陈振孙《《遂初堂书目》共收录图书3000余种《遂初堂书目》四部分类体系作了调整，突出本朝著作与新出现的图书，设小说类书乐曲”等小类。开创了中国古代书目著录版本的先例对所收刻本书之各种版本多予以明例如正史类有川本《史记》、严州本《史记》；地理类有秘阁本《山海经》、池州本《山海经》等所收版本主要有旧监本、秘阁本、京本、旧杭本、杭本、严州本、越本、吉州本、池州本及川本等对研究宋代图书的流传及印刷情况有价值。具有多方面的学术价值。首先，收入的图书达1492部，基本上包括了宋代以前各类重要的典籍，典籍已，后世可据书目的提要而窥其大略。其次，体例全目分经、史、子、集四部，部下又分45小类；书有总序，部有大序，多数小类前有小序；每书有解题，从而形成了一个严谨完备的体系。第三，由于所录各书为晁氏，所以在提要中对典籍情况的介绍，咸有凭据对后世目录著