呼吸系统疾病22.ppt

Malignant neoplasms are also characterized by the tendency to invade surrounding tissues. Here, a lung cancer is seen to be spreading along the bronchi into the surrounding lung. .肺浸润性燕麦细胞癌（大体 ) 恶性肿瘤的特征还包括侵袭周围组织的倾向，图示肺癌沿着支气管播散到周围肺组织。 肺鳞癌（大体） 肺鳞癌，一个侵袭到周围肺组织的巨大肿块。 This is a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. It is a bulky mass that extends into surrounding lung parenchyma. Normal lungs, gross 正常的肺（大体） The chest and abdominal cavities are opened here at autopsy. The lungs in the chest have a normal pink aerated appearance with minimal anthracotic pigmentation, because this 80 year old male never smoked and never allowed smoking in his workplace. The mediastinum contains mostly fat. The pericardial sac around the heart has not been opened.The diaphragmatic domes extend upward to the level of the 6th ribs. Normal lung, cross section, gross 正常的肺，横截面（大体） This is a cross-section of normal lung (with only minimal posterior congestion at the lower right). The hilar lymph nodes are small and have enough anthracotic pigment (from dusts in the air breathed in, scavenged by pulmonary macrophages, transferred to lymphatics, and collected in lymph nodes) to make them appear greyish-black. Lung with edema, gross 肺水肿（大体） The smooth, glistening pleural surface of a lung is shown here. This patient had marked pulmonary edema, which increased the fluid in the lymphatics that run between lung lobules. Thus, the lung lobules are outlined in white. Lung, edema, microscopic 肺水肿（镜下） At high magnification, the alveoli in this lung are filled with a smooth to slightly floccular pink material characteristic for pulmonary edema. Note also that the capillaries in the alveolar walls are congested with many red blood cells. Congestion and edema of the lungs is common in patients with heart failure and in areas of inflammation of the lung. .Lung, passive congestion, microscopic 肺被动性充血（镜下） Pulmonary congestion with dilated capillaries and leakage of blood into alveolar s