土壤重金属污染对食品安全的影响及对策建议.pdfVIP

8 2012, Vol. 33, 增刊1 食品科学 ※专题论述 赵晓军，陆泗进，魏复盛 ( 中国环境监测总站，北京 100012) 随着我国工农业的快速发展，土壤重金属污染日趋加重，对食品安全构成严重威胁，而食品安全问题是 直接关系到人体健康的重大民生问题。从重金属对食品安全的影响与危害入手，阐述土壤中汞、镉、铅、砷、 铬等有毒重金属的污染来源及现状，全面分析汞、镉、铅、砷、铬等对食品的危害，提出加快土壤污染防治立 法，修订土壤环境质量标准，开展全面深入的科学研究，建立完善土壤环境质量例行监测网络等对策和建议。 重金属；食品安全；土壤；污染 Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on Food Safety and Countermeasures ZHAO Xiao-jun ，LU Si-jin ，WEI Fu-sheng (China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China) Abstract ：Heavy metal pollution in soils in China is becoming increasingly serious with the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, which poses a major environmental hazard to food safety. The problem of food safety as a very important livelihood problem is directly related to human health. This paper describes the current situation and sources of soil pollution caused by heavy metal elements such as Hg, Cd, Pb, As and Cr, and comprehensively analyze their hazards to food safety. Countermeasures or suggestions are put forward such as accelerating legislation against heavy metal pollution, revising the current environmental quality standard for soil, and establishing routine monitoring networks for soil environmental quality. Key words ：heavy metal ；food safety ；soils ；pollution 中图分类号：TS201.6 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002-6630(2012)增刊 1-0008-04 食品安全涉及从农田到餐桌的生产、加工、贮存 污染面积不断扩大，污染程度逐年加重，个别地区土 全过程，决定粮、菜、油、果质量的首要环节是土 壤污染严重。据统计，我国重金属污染的耕地面积达 壤环境质量和化学品、农药、化肥的使用。土壤环境 2000 万 hm2 ，约占耕地总面积的 1/5，每年因土壤污染 质量是食品安全的首要环节之一。近年来，我国土壤 而减产粮食 1000 万 t ；另外还有 1200 万 t 粮食重金属超 重金属污染引发的食品安全事件屡屡发生，如 2009 年湖 标，二者的直接经济损失达 2 0 0 多亿元[ 2 ] 。当前