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Applied Mathematics Letters 24 (2011) 797–802 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Mathematics Letters journal homepage: /locate/aml Model order determination using the Hankel matrix of impulse responses✩ Huanhuan Yin, Zhifang Zhu, Feng Ding ∗ Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: This letter studies identification problems of model orders using the Hankel matrix of Received 13 July 2010 impulse responses of a system and presents two order identification methods: one is based Received in revised form 23 December 2010 on the singularities or ratios of the Hankel matrix determinants and the other is based on Accepted 28 December 2010 the singular value decomposition of the Hankel matrix. A numerical example verifies the proposed methods. Keywords: © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Order identification Order determination Hankel matrix Singular value decomposition (SVD) 1. Introduction Identification for linear systems contains the structure or order determination and parameter estimation. There exist a lot of parameter estimation methods for linear systems, e.g., the multi-innovation parameter identification methods [1–7], the iterative estimation methods [8,9], the data filtering based estimation methods [10], and the gradient based estimation methods [11–14], but most assume that the sy