探析公路软土地基处理.docVIP

探析公路软土地基的处理 摘要：由于高速公路对路基完工后沉降的要求很高,而沉降刚好是软土地基处理的主要问题,所以在软土地基上修筑高速公路,如果对软基不加以处理,往往会导致路基失稳或过量沉降,直接影响到竣工后公路的运行状况及其使用寿命。 Abstract: because of the highway has a high requirement on the after the completion of the roadbed sedimentation, and subsidence just is one of the major problems of soft soil foundation treatment, therefore, build up the highway on soft soil foundation, if not handled with soft foundation, will often result in the instability of the subgrade or excessive settlement, directly affects the road after the completion of the operation state and its service life. 关键词：公路；软土地基；处理方法 Key words: road; Soft soil; Processing method 1 软基处理的几种方法 1. Several methods of soft soil foundation treatment 1.1 表层处理法 ①表层排水法。对土质较好因含水量过大而导致的软土地基，在填土之前，地表面开挖沟槽，排除地表水，同时降低地基表层部分的含水率，以保障施工机械通行。为了发挥开挖出的沟槽在施工中达到盲沟的效果，应回填透水性好的砂砾或碎石。②砂垫层法。对于地基上部软土层极薄且含水量大时，在软土地基上敷垫0.5～1.2m左右厚的砂垫层。这样可达到固结软土层，使砂垫层起到上部排水层作用；同时，砂垫层又成为填土内的地下排水层，以降低填土内的水位；在进行填土及地基处理施工时，为施工机械提供良好的通行条件。③敷垫材料法。对于地基土层不均匀，可能发生局部不均匀沉降和侧向变位，可利用所敷垫材料的抗剪和拉抗力，来增强施工机械的通行，均匀地支承填土荷载、减少地基局部沉降和侧向变位，以提高地基的支承能力。敷垫材料主要有化纤无纺布、土工布、玻璃纤维格栅等被广为采用。④添加剂法。对于表层为粘性土时，在表层粘性土内渗入添加剂，改善地基的压缩性能和强度特性，以保施工机械的行驶。同时也可达到提高填土稳定及固结的效果。添加材料通常使用的是生石灰，熟石灰和水泥。石灰类添加材料通过现场拌和或厂拌，除了降低土壤含水量、产生团粒效果外，对被固结的土随着时间的推移会发生化学性固结，使粘土成分发生质的变化，从而促进土体稳定。 1.1 surface treatment (1) surface drainage method. In soil is good for moisture content is too large due to the soft soil foundation, before filling, groove surface excavation, surface water, at the same time reduce the moisture content of ground surface part, in order to ensure construction machinery. For digging out of the groove in the construction, achieve the result of blind ditch backfill should be excellent drainage gravel or crushed stone. (2) the sand cushion method. For soft clay foundation top is very thin and big water content, apply on the soft soil foundation mat about 0.5 ~ 1.2 m thick layer of sand cushion. Can achieve consolidation of soft soil layer, so the sand mat layer upper drainage layer effect; At the same ti