电荷耦合器件的空间噪声研究.doc

摘要 在用CCD相机进行目标探测时，多数情况下目标的背景具有一定的照度，这个照度会对探测结果产生影响。为了了解背景对探测结果的影响，通过建立CCD相机三维噪声模型及其测试系统，在不同光照条件下对CCD相机的空间噪声进行了测量与分析。给出了测试系统的结构框图和部分测试结果，得到了对CCD空间噪声随光照度变化规律。测试结果表明：随着CCD相机光敏面光照度的提高，空间噪声升高，符合CCD相机的实际性能。设计采用新型三维噪声成像器件与计算机图像采集卡结合，实现了时空域噪声相统一的三维噪声测试技术，这种处理方法的运算速度快，信息容量大，测试精度高，测量结果能以数字或图像直观的显示，成为一种自动化测试程度较高的微信号检测系统。噪声特性的评价是成像系统综合性能评价的重要环节。分析噪声特性可进一步深刻认识成像的特性，为研制新型光电成像系统以及成像系统的质量评价提供切实可靠的客观依据。CCD相机信号产生的电噪声和光学噪声均被描述为时间域随机过程和空间域随机过程，所以在成像系统中，图像噪声实际上应按时空域随机过程统一描述。成像系统在图像信号输出时伴随着各种噪声即时空同一的随机噪声。 关键词：CCD相机；空间噪声 Abstract To study the influence of background on detection,a 3-D noise model and a measurement system were established .The temporal noise and spatial noise of CCD camera were measured and analyzed at different illuminances. The block diagram of the test system and some test results are given.The dominant noise which influences the output quality of CCD image was found ,the dependence of temporal noise and spatial noise on illuminance was obtained .Measurement resulte indicate that the spatial noise increase with the increase of illuminance on the active area of CCD camera. It is consistent with the performance of CCDcameras. New 3d design using imaging device and computer image noise, realize the combination acquisition card when the airspace of the unification of noise noise test technology, the three-dimensional processing method of computing speed, information capacity, high precision measurement results, with digital or image visual display, become a high degree of automation of signal detection system. Noise characteristics of evaluation is the comprehensive evaluation imaging system is the important link. Analysis of noise characteristics can be further understanding the characteristics and development for imaging optoelectronic imaging system and imaging system provides a feasible and reliable quality evaluation of the objective basis. CCD camera electrical noise signals are described and optical noise for time domain stochastic process and spatial domain in sto