论行动者络理论的行动本体论 摘要.pdfVIP

論行動者網絡理論的行動本體論 摘要 思考科學知識與理性的社會特質，是催生科技研究（STS ）的問題意識之一。 探詢此議題時，STS 取徑逐漸由探討產生科學知識的社群，轉向思考知識內容的 認識論，後來更發展出一種本體論思考，將知識活動視為與知識對象的客體密不 可分 。其中 ，行動者網絡理論（ANT ）是重要取徑之一 。 本文首先指出ANT 的本體論轉向的幾個思考重點。進一步 ，本文希望指出 ， 在此轉變中浮現一種 「行動本體論」，不同於劃定萬物次序與根本性質的終極本 體論 。本文將指出 ，大部分對ANT 的方法論與觀點的質疑 ，往往來自於無法掌 握此基進的本體論思考 ，從而衍生對ANT 的政治承諾的質疑 。最後 ，為了回應 對ANT 的質疑 ，本文借用與行動本體論思考相近的傅科的 「歷史本體論」作為 參照，企圖展示行動本體論如何可能成為學術上基進、實踐上亦具批判力的思考 基礎 。 關鍵字 ：行動本體論、行動者網絡理論、科技研究 、符號學、傅科 On the ontology of Actor-Network Theory Abstract: Exploring the social characteristics of scientific knowledge and rationality has been an intrinsic problematic of science and technology studies (STS). After examining the sociological studies of scientific community and the social studies of scientific knowledge, STS enquiries have now turned to the role of knowledge and knowing in the constitution of the known object. Among them, Actor-Network Theory (ANT) is an important approach. This paper first delineates this ontological turn of ANT: the alternative ontological approach, ontology-in-practice. Ontology-in-practice specifies the relationally emergent, mediated, and heterogeneous constitution of being in action, and that is different from those picturing a transcendental schema of the beings and the essences in the universe once and for all. It is argued that most of the criticisms against ANT and its political implications are due to failing to understand this radical ontology. To remedy this, this paper turns to the historical ontology as effective history proposed by Foucault, which is similar to ontology-in-practice, so as to illuminate how ANT could be a critical perspective both in its scholarship and practice. Keywords: Ontology-in-practice, Actor-Network theory, Science and technology studies, Semiotics, Foucault 壹 、前言 科技研究 （science and technology studies ，簡稱STS ）的研究進路歷經了兩個 轉折。一開始STS 的發展背景是科學社會學(s