汉英语篇衔接手段和连贯手段的对比.pptVIP

汉英篇章衔接手段和连贯手段的对比;Steps;篇章;cohere, Lat. co- + haer?e (cling), to stick or held together, and to have internal elements or parts logically connected so that aesthetic consistency results.;Both constructs represent how words, constituents, and ideas conveyed in a text are connected. Cohesion deals with the connectedness between elements at low levels of text, that is, among sentence elements, and clauses normally within a paragraph. Text cohesion models text in terms of relations between words or referring expressions to help determine how tightly connected the text is. Coherence expresses the continuity that exists between one part of text and another and the overall relation of all parts. Text coherence displays text in terms of macro level relations between clauses or sentences to help determine the overall structure of the text. ;The topic of cohesion…has always appeared to me the most useful constituent of discourse analysis or text linguistics applicable to translation.” （Newmark, 1987：295）;Cohesive devices;指称关系 Reference;替代 Substitution;省略 Ellipsis;连接 Conjunction;词汇衔接 Lexical cohesion;Any differences in terms of cohesive devices used in Chinese and English texts？;汉语没有定冠词,而英语可用定冠词;英语代词用得多，汉语代词用得少;英语人称代词以及相应的限定词的使用率也大大高于汉语。汉译英时，要在适当的地方增加定冠词和代词，特别是物主代词、人称代词。 汉语往往可以不用连接词语了表示句间或句内语义关系，依靠句子之间或句内各部分之间的内在逻辑关系达到连结目的，汉语中短语与小句(单句)之间，(复句的)小句与句子之间，句子与更大的单位句群之间，界限也不是截然分明的，而英语中，连接词是使用最频繁的衔接手段。汉译英时则要适当增加关联词语，把原文的这种内在联系揭示出来，以避免句子结构松散或脱节。 汉语倾向于用重复手段，英语倾向于用替代手段。汉译英中必要的时候要避免重复，多用代词或其它的形式替代。 汉语中最常见的省略是主语的省略，谓语的省略则较少，而英语句子一般不能省略主语，会话英语中省略谓语的现象较多。汉译英时要恰当地添加主语，注意译文句子结构的完整。 ;Discussion:;Coherence devices;Text markers as coherence device indicate the relationship between different parts of text in the same way cohesive conjunction signals cohesion. They usually involve the use of conjunctions as well. Lexical coherence refers to the role played by the selection of vocabulary in organizing relations on the text level. Compared with lexical cohesion, lexical coherence contributes to text