汽车失效催化剂处理方法研究.docVIP

汽车失效催化剂预处理方法研究 万婧1，余建民1,2，毕向光1，杨金富1，李权1，王火印1 （1.昆明贵研催化剂有限责任公司，昆明 650106；2.昆明贵金属研究所，昆明 650106） 摘要：系统研究了原料粒度、品位、酸度、液固比、浸出温度、浸出时间、氧化剂用量及溶液电势、预处理方法对汽车失效催化剂铂族金属浸出率的影响。结果表明，在粒度液固比L/S＝51、90~100 ℃、控制溶液电势10~1.2 V氯化浸出8 h，原料品位愈高，渣率愈低，浸出率愈高；随着盐酸和硫酸混合酸浓度的增加，铂族金属的浸出率急剧升高并且均高于单一的盐酸和硫酸介质添加硫酸氢钠焙烧预处理℃，3 h)能显著提高铂族金属尤其是铑的浸出率，铂钯的浸出率大于99％，铑的浸出率大于97。 关键词：汽车失效催化剂；铂族金属；富集；预处理 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1007-7545（2015）04-0000-00 Study on Pretreatment of Spent Auto-catalysts WAN Jing1, YU Jian-min1,2, BI Xiang-guang1, YANG Jin-fu1, LI Quan1, WANG Huo-yin1 (1. Kunming Sino-Platinum Metals Catalyst Co., Ltd, Kunming 650106, China; 2. Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming 650106, China) Abstract: The effects of raw material granularity, grade, acidity, ratio of liquid to solid (L/S), leaching temperature, leaching time, oxidant dosage, potential of solution, and pretreatment on leaching rates of platinum group metals (PGMs) were investigated. The results show that the higher raw material grade is, the lower leaching residue rate and the higher leaching rate of PGMs will be under the conditions including granularity of -0.074 mm, L/S=5/1, leaching temperature of 90~100 ℃, leaching time of 8 h, and potential of solution of 1.0~1.2 V. Leaching rates of PGMs rise sharply with increase of concentration of mixing acid from hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, which are higher than those in single hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid system. Leaching rates of platinum, palladium, especially rhodium are markedly improved after pretreated by adding sodium hydrogen sulfate roasting. The leaching rates of platinum and palladium are 99% above, and rhodium of 97% above. Key words: spent auto-catalysts; platinum group metals; enrichment; pretreatment 汽车催化剂经过使用之后，其上吸附有油污、汽油不完全燃烧之后的积碳等，妨碍浸出反应的进行，同时碳对浸出液中的铂族金属具有吸附作用，会使浸出率降低催化剂在使用过程中，铂族金属微粒周围的γ-Al2O3在1 150 ℃以上会转变为α-Al2O3，冷却后某些铂族金属微粒被α-Al2O3包裹，阻碍了铂族金属的浸出，造成铂族金属尤其是铑的浸出率波动大，这是由于铑的氧化物（Rh2O3）很难溶解，而铂钯及其氧化物则溶于在氧化剂存在下的盐酸溶液。为了提高铂族金属的浸出率，研究了各种预处理方法，主要有：低温焙烧除去碳、油[1]；高温焙烧使γ-Al2O