分块矩阵求逆及其应用.doc

目 录 摘要 ……………………………………………………… (1) 引言 ……………………………………………………… (2) 一、 概述 ………………………………………………… (2) 二、分块矩阵的求逆及其应用 ………………………… (5) 第一节 ２×２分块矩阵的可逆性存在条件和求逆公式及其应用 ……………………………………… (5) 第二节 3×3分块矩阵的可逆性存在条件和求逆公式及其应用 ……………………………………… (14) 结束语 …………………………………………………… (21) 分块矩阵求逆及其应用　 李东生 （渤海大学数学系 辽宁 锦州 121000 中国） 摘要：对于分块矩阵，我们比较熟悉分块矩阵的乘法，而对于分块矩阵的求逆，经常遇到的是分块矩阵的逆的证明问题，很少涉及分块矩阵逆的计算，并且我们在实际问题中还会遇到分块矩阵（或更高阶的分块矩阵）的求逆问题，所以我们研究这样的分块矩阵的可逆性存在条件以及求逆公式显得很有意义。分块是否合理是分块矩阵运算是否简便的关键，所以本文开头便对分块方法做了总结。接着，本文研究了较为简单的分块矩阵的可逆性存在条件以及求逆公式，并予以证明，总结了研究方法，还深入探讨了分块矩阵中含有零块时的可逆性存在条件以及求逆公式。以分块矩阵的研究方法为基础，探讨研究了分块矩阵的可逆性存在条件以及求逆公式，并试证成功，还总结出研究更高阶分块矩阵求逆方法。此外本文不仅侧重理论研究，而且侧重于实际应用，在文中列举了大量典型的阶数较高的矩阵，对他们如何分块才能使求逆过程更为简单作出分析，并给出了求解过程，真正做到了“理论联系实际”。 关键字：分块方法，分块矩阵，逆矩阵，可逆条件 Begging the negative matrix to a matrix of the cent and it′s applying Li Dongsheng (Department of Mathsmatic Bohai University Liaoning Jinzhou 121000 China) Abstract: For a matrix of the cent, we relatively know with the multiplication of dividing a matrix. But for begging the negative matrix to a matrix of the cent, we usually meet is 2 the negative certificate problem of a matrix of cent of rank. It is seldom to involve to divide the calculation that a matrix inverse, and we also will meet in actual problem begging 3 the negative certificate problem of a matrix of cent of rank.(or a matrix of more high-level cent).So it is very meaningfully to study this character of inverse of existence condition of such a matrix of cent; to beg the negative formula whether cent is reasonable is the key of whether a matrix operation is simple. What is more, the beginning of thesis does the summary to a method of cent. Immediately, the thesis has studied simple 2 ranks to divide a piece of matrix and the existence condition of inverse character. Finally the thesis gives the evidence. The method has been given, and when there are zero-pieces in a matrix, the character of inverse condition and begging