句子的成分与结构.docVIP

句子的成分与结构 一、 名称 含义 例句 主语 （subject） 句子说明的主体和对象，一般位于句首。 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class come from Hunan.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking is a bad and expensive habit.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English party has not been decided yet.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 谓语（predicate） 用于说明主语的状态身份特征等一般紧跟主语后面。 His ather is a fireman.( 由系动词加表语构成简单谓语) We should pay attention to English grammar.（情态动词或其他助动词加动词短语构成复合谓语） Tom practices speaking English every morning.(动词或动词短语构成简单谓语) You may keep the book for two months.（情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成复合谓语） 宾语 (object) 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 We went to see an exhibition last weekend（名词）The heavy rain prevented us fm coming to school on time.（代词）I have three dictionaries?.（数词）They helped the old with their housework last Friday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to hear me.（不定式短语）She enjoys listening to popular music.（动名词短语）They think（that）I am not fit for the job.（宾语从句） 表语（predicative） 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。 Their teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is the book yours?（代词）The weather has turned warm.（形容词）The speech was exciting.（分词）Four times seven is twenty eight.（数词）My job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby is playing computer games.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The meeting is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 定语（attributive） 修饰名词代词的词、短语或从句称为定语 Changsha is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; but America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women doctors in our hospital.（名词）His rapid progress in English made me surprised.（代词）Our English teacher is always the first one to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）Their teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）Helen is re