台湾苔藓植物多样性研究现况.docVIP

台灣苔蘚植物多樣性Diversity and Research Status of Bryophytes in Taiwan 楊嘉棟* 蔣鎮宇 Yang, Jia-Dong*, Tzen-Yuh Chiang 農委會特有生物研究保育中心* 國立成功大學 Endemic Species Research Institute*, National Cheng Kung University摘要苔蘚植物(bryophytes)包括蘚類(mosses)、苔類(liverworts)及角苔類(hornworts)三大類灣有66科261屬約872種的蘚類42科121屬487種苔類及角苔類單位面積苔蘚類種數37.75種/1,000 ㎞2種類密，堪稱世界之最。地理親緣關係（一）儘速完成台灣苔蘚植物誌的編撰（二）持續進行台灣苔蘚植物資源調查（三）加強培育苔蘚植物相關研究人才（四）積極推動區域及國際間合作與交流Abstract The bryophytes include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. There are 66 families, 261 genera, about 872 species of mosses, and 42 families, 121genera, about 487 species of liverworts and hornworts recorded from Taiwan. Species density (37.75 species/1,000 ㎞2of bryophytes on the island is one of highest in the world and is ascribed to the diversity of vegetation and topography in Taiwan. The affinity of the bryophyte flora in Taiwan is closely related to that of Japan and Mainland China. The level of endemism for Taiwan’s bryophytes is about seven to eight percent. Most species are widespread and distributed in adjacent areas due to the long-distance dispersal abilities of spores. The earliest survey of bryophytes of Taiwan could be traced back to Richard Oldham’s expedition in 1864. Most of the floristic studies were made by Japanese bryologists, such as Y. Horikawa and A. Noguchi. Ever since 1960, the Taiwanese bryologists have started to collect and study bryophytes. Several monographs on liverworts and mosses have been published. To promote the bryological researches of Taiwan, we have the following recommendations: 1) completing the bryoflora of Taiwan in the immediate future, 2) conducting a continuing inventory program, 3) enhancing the training of young bryologists, 4) encouraging international collaboration. 前言 苔蘚植物(bryophytes)包括蘚類(mosses)、苔類(liverworts)及角苔類(hornworts)三大類，是一種個體嬌小的陸生植物，分布廣泛，除了海洋以外，舉凡南北極地、高山寒原、沼澤低谷、森林荒漠，都有它們的蹤跡，是人們所忽略的大自然瑰寶之一。全世界蘚類約有119科859屬12,800種Crosby et al., 2000)，苔類約有69科370屬8,029種Yano and Gradstein, 1997)，角苔類約有3科9屬390種。 臺灣地處熱帶與亞熱帶之間，四季分