管理科学09-多因子决策模型.pptVIP

Chapter 9 - Multicriteria Decision Making * * Chapter 9 Multicriteria Decision Making Introduction to Management Science 8th Edition by Bernard W. Taylor III Goal Programming Graphical Interpretation of Goal Programming Computer Solution of Goal Programming Problems with QM for Windows and Excel The Analytical Hierarchy Process Chapter Topics Study of problems with several criteria, multiple criteria, instead of a single objective when making a decision. Two techniques discussed: goal programming, and the analytical hierarchy process. Goal programming is a variation of linear programming considering more than one objective (goals) in the objective function. The analytical hierarchy process develops a score for each decision alternative based on comparisons of each under different criteria reflecting the decision makers preferences. Overview Beaver Creek Pottery Company Example: Maximize Z = $40x1 + 50x2 subject to: 1x1 + 2x2 ? 40 hours of labor 4x2 + 3x2 ? 120 pounds of clay x1, x2 ? 0 Where: x1 = number of bowls produced x2 = number of mugs produced Goal Programming Model Formulation (1 of 2) Adding objectives (goals) in order of importance, the company: Does not want to use fewer than 40 hours of labor per day. Would like to achieve a satisfactory profit level of $1,600 per day. Prefers not to keep more than 120 pounds of clay on hand each day. Would like to minimize the amount of overtime. Goal Programming Model Formulation (2 of 2) All goal constraints are equalities that include deviational variables d- and d+. A positive deviational variable (d+) is the amount by which a goal level is exceeded. A negative deviation variable (d-) is the amount by which a goal level is underachieved. At least one or both deviational variables in a goal constraint must equal zero. The objective function in a goal programming model seeks to minimize the deviation from goals in the order of the goal priorities. Goal Programming Goal Constr