论双务合同履行抗辩权体系-毕业论文.doc

摘  要  1999 年颁布的《中华人民共和国合同法》在第 66 条至第 69 中分别规定了合 同当事人在履行合同中享有的三种抗辩权，即同时履行抗辩权、先履行抗辩权和 不安抗辩权，这是我国《合同法》对传统立法的重大突破，它对于维护守约方的 利益和社会信用、保障交易安全有着非常重要的意义。本文在对照比较两大法系 和国际公约中类似法律制度的基础上，结合《合同法》对此问题的规定，对我国 双务合同履行抗辩权制度进行了深入系统的探讨，认为同时履行抗辩权、先履行 抗辩权和不安抗辩权所构成的三元体系虽弥补了传统合同法的不足，但它也带来 了权利设置的重合以及类似法律制度之间的冲突，如同时履行抗辩权与先履行抗 辩权的重合，不安抗辩权与预期违约的矛盾等，这些都是我们不容忽视的。笔者 认为，基于先履行抗辩权缺乏充分的独立性理由，应扩大同时履行抗辩权的适用 范围，将先履行抗辩权纳入其中。同时应完善不安抗辩权和预期违约制度之法律 规范，并对不安抗辩权和预期违约制度之间的关系予以适当调适，以取长补短， 从而使得不安抗辩权希望达到的平衡双方利益的目标不至于落空。简言之，我国 双务合同履行抗辩权制度应构建一个既符合大陆法传统，又具有中国特色的以同 时履行抗辩权和不安抗辩权为内容的二元抗辩权体系。 关键词：抗辩权；同时履行抗辩权；先履行抗辩权；不安抗辩权；预期违约 I ABSTRACT Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China promulgated in 1999 provides in Article 66 to Article 69 that in performing a contract， the contracting parties enjoy three kind of counterpleaing right—counterpleaing right of simultaneous execution ， counterpleaing right of later execution and counterpleaing right of insecurity. As a new stipulation in the contract law system of China, it is a challenge to the traditional theory, which contributes greatly to the safety of transactions and the protection of the contract complier’s benefit and credibility. By comparing and contrasting the corresponding law systems in two law families and international conventions, the thesis looks deeply into counterpleaing right system for bilateral contract in China through referring to the relevant provision in Contract Law. It is found that though having helped to make up for the shortage of traditional contract law, the ternary system of counterpleaing right of simultaneous execution, counterpleaing right of later execution and counterpleaing right of insecurity also leads to the superposition of the right provision and the conflict between the corresponding law systems which we should never ignore, such as the superposition of counterpleaing right of simultaneous execution and counterpleaing right of later execution, the antinomy between counterpleaing right for insecurity and the anticipatory breach a