高考英语阅读之猜词技巧.ppt

一般说来，考查形式一般是在文与题中均画线标明。考查内容有名词、代词、动词或词组，既可能是生词，也可能是熟词。 The underlined word family in the second paragraph means _____. A. home 　 B. children 　C. wife and husband 　D. wife and children 1. 构词法（Word-building） (1) 利用前缀和后缀(2) 转化(3) 合成 2. 根据普通常识、生活经验推  测生词词义 ( Common sense, Experience) 3. 根据上下文相关的信息 （Related Information） 利用前缀和后缀 1) The idea of family seems to be more  or less non-existent in England. （04广东） 2) And a particular piece of equipment  breaks up the nonrecyclables. (NMET  2000) 3) I began noticing that the other  fellows were overcharging passengers. （04广东） 4) Then Johnny came out and told us  an extraordinary story． (2) 转化 英语中有些单词,词形不变,词性却可以由一种转化成另一种。如： 1) I emptied everything into another box. 2) Yesterday I spent the whole day  papering the walls. 3) Read the news from different views  and draw your own conclusions on the  stories shaping our world. (04广东) 4) The turbine （涡轮机）can then power  an electrical generator to produce  electricity. （05广东） (3)合成，就是由两个或两个以上的单词构成一个新词。英语中合成词多如繁星，大大增加了英语词汇。如: classroom, newspaper, pickpocket,editor-in-chief, handshake, silkworm, motorcycle, 2.根据普通常识、生活经验推测词义 1) When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.  2) This woollen material should be dry-cleaned it will shrink if you wash it in hot water.. 3. 根据上下文相关的信息（Related Information）: 根据给生词下的定义，生词前后句子的同义关系、反义关系, 因果关系, 根据列举的事例 ,标点符号等。 根据上下文以生词的定义为线索猜测词义是最直接的一种猜词方法.以to be(是),　mean(意指),　refer to(指的是) 　“be defined as ”(被定义为),　“be known as ”(被称为),　“be called ”(被称为),　“be termed ”(被定义为)等结构　为线索猜测词义. 1) Ventilation, as you know , is a system  or means of providing fresh air . It  plays a very important part in the field of engineering. 2) Annealing is a way of making metal  softer by heating it and then letting it  cool v