桔梗传粉的生物学研究_药学论文.docVIP

桔梗传粉的生物学研究_药学论文 桔梗传粉的生物学研究_药学论文 【摘要】 　　目的对桔梗传粉的生物学特性进行了观察研究，确定桔梗的开花动态特征及其传粉方式，为桔梗规范化生产提供依据。方法采用挂牌标记定株观察开花习性和传粉昆虫访花行为，人工控制授粉测定花粉和柱头可受性。结果桔梗Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.)A.DC 花期从6月底到8月下旬，单株花期约41 d，单株花粉50～110朵，单花花期一般为2～3 d，当遇到低温天气时，单花花期延长至3～4 d。在田间条件下，桔梗花粉受精活力可保持2 d，花后3 d花粉已完全失去受精活性；开花当天至花后3 d柱头可受性逐渐升高，之后开始下降，呈单峰曲线变化。花冠和花蜜对授粉昆虫具有较强的招引作用，而柱头和花粉的招引作用似乎不明显。结论这些规律的研究为桔梗规范化栽培和良种繁育提供了理论依据。 【关键词】 桔梗； 开花生物学； 结实率； 传粉 　　Abstract：ObjectiveIn order to provide more reason foundation for building the GAP(Good Agriculture Process) of Platycodon, we observed the flowering characteristics of dynamic state and its pollinating patterns.MethodsIn the flowering season, we observed the continuous time on the behaviour of the petals opening and the habit of the pollinators. The pollen viability and the stigma acceptability were measured by the artificial pollination.ResultsAccording to our observation, flowering of Platycodon took place from late June to late August. The flowering period of individual lasted on average 41 d, and there were 50～110 flowers in a single individual. Anthesis of a single flower lasted 2～3 d, however, prolonged to 3～4 d when it was a low temperature. Field experiments indicated that pollen vibability of Platycodon lasted to 2 d, it would absolutely lose fertilization ability three days after petals opening. Stigma acceptability gradually rise to last out 3 days after the petals opening, subsequently started to decline, the fluctuation of stigma acceptability was single peak curve. Many insects pollinated Platycodon. The effective and frequent pollinators were honeybee and scoliid, which visited the flowers mostly for nectar. Petal and nectar may be a advertisement in attracting pollinators, however, stigma and pollen were indistinctive in attracting pollinators.ConclusionThese laws provide more reason foundation for breeding of high-quality seed and standardized cultivation of Platycodon. 　　Key words：Platycodon grandiflorum; Flowering; Fructification percentage;