说明文的三种写作方法与练习.docVIP

说明文的三种写作方法与练习 说明文的写作方法有好几种，如：分类法、解释法、举例法、定义法、比较法和因果法等等，现以前三种为例加以说明。 　　A.分类法 　　分类法就是按一定的标准把要说明的对象分成若干类，分别加以说明。 　　分类法的写作步骤： 　　段首句点明主题→分别列举内容→得出合理的结论。 　　分类法的写作要领： 　　①被说明的对象必须是同属不同类或同类不同种的事物，不同属、不同类的事物不能用分类法。 　　②分类标准必须统一，不可中途变更标准。 　　分类法常用的关键词： 　　firstly, secondly, finally (lastly), kind, sort, variety, include, involve, exclude, class, classify, contain, likewise, in addition, furthermore, besides, conclusion... 　　请看下面一则短文： 　　Typewriters 　　Whether you work at home or run a small business, or do personal correspondence, the latest development in office equipments will prove useful and convenient. With so many different typewriters to choose from these days, you can easily find a proper one. 　　The basic form of typewriter is the manual typewriter. Most of them are lightweight machines with few moving parts to go wrong, and they are reasonably inexpensive. Perfectly adequate for most household purposes, manual typewriters are especially useful for students and beginners. 　　Unlike manual machines, an electric typewriter has an electric motor. This means you can get characters regardless of the pressure with which you strike the keys. These machines are more convenient than the manual ones. 　　The most advanced typewriter, the multi-printer, is hardly recognized as a typewriter. It is a lightweight, silently operating machine which produces high quality printing by means of small dots. It is a highly adaptable machine with the capacity for many functions besides that of simple typing. This, together with its reliability, can make it extremely useful in the business situation. 　　However, in choosing a typewriter, first, the machine should meet your needs, and second, you should pay more attention to which one best suits you. 　　分析： 　　本文在第一段点明主题：在很多种打字机中选择适合自己的一种是很重要的，在接下来的三段里，分别说明了手动打字机(the manual typewriter )、电动打字机(the electric typewriter)和多功能打字机(the multi-printer)的性能和特点。最后一段得出结论：根据自己的实际需要选择合适的打字机。整个文章的思路明确、条理清晰。 　　B.解释法 　　简单地说，解释法就是说明如何做某事，某事物如何工作的一种说明方法。 　　解释法的写作步骤：过程第一