高三英语语法知识体总结.docVIP

高三英语语法知识体系十大词类：noun, pronoun, adjective, adverb, numeral, verb, article, preposition, conjunction,nterjection 九种句子成分 主语（subject）: 是句子所要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体。(n., pron.,to do, doing and that-clause) 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语所发出的动作或从的状态。(verbs) 表语（predicative）: 放在连系动词之后，表示主语的身分、状态或特征。(n., pron., adj., adverbs for places, prepositional phrases, to do doing, done and that-clause.) 宾语（object）: 在及物动词或介词之后。(n, pron, to do, doing and that-clause.) 定语（attribute）: 限定或修饰名词或代词。 adj., adverbs for places, pron, n., prepositional phrases, to do, doing, done and that-clauses. 状语(adverbial) : 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。adv., prepositional phrases, to do, doing done and that-clauses. 宾语补足语（object complement）: 说明宾语的性质、状态、特征或宾语发出的动作。（adj., n, adverbs for places, to do, doing and done） 同位语: 补充说明前面的某个名词或代词。 （n. or that-clauses）e.g. My father, a doctor, is very kind. 主语补足语: 是对一句话的主语进行补充说明。 eg: 1.Jessica, the best student of our class, won the game.2.Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 3. He died young. 练习一：分析下列句子的成分 The farmers don’t stay long in the same places. We are having a wonderful time. It’s dangerous to swim in the river. I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor. I’m going to move to another city next month. Thank you for writing to me. It was lovely to hear from you. Have you anything to say about this question? It’s getting dark. 短语、句子、从句 短语：具有一定意义的一组词， 可作为句子的一个成分。 英语中有下列几种短语： 1. 不定式短语e.g. He likes to watch TV while having lunch. 2. –ing 短语e.g. I saw many people standing by the lake. 3. 过去分 词短语e.g. Given more time ,I would do it better. 4. 介词短语e.g. With his help, I have finished writing the poem. 5. 名词短语e.g. dark blue sky / a true story/ the most wonderful moment 从句(clause): 含有主谓结构的一组词，在句子中作一个成分，一般由连接词、关系代词或关系副词引导。 e.g. If you want to say something, say it clearly. 名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句 形容词性从句：定语从句 副词性从句：状语从句 句子：sentence含有主谓结构的一组词， 有比较完整的意义。 句子的类型 从句子结构本身来看，句子可分为： 简单句：只有一个主谓结构的句子。 e.g. This kind of computer could be made in China even in the seventies. 并列句：