1 文艺复兴.ppt

英国文学作品选读Selected Readings in English Literature 平时总评 20% 期中成绩 20% 期末成绩 60% 总评 Early and Medieval English Literature （中古时期） The English Renaissance (1500-1625) The Seventeenth Century (1625-1700): The period of English Boureois Revolution and Restoration The Eighteenth Century (1700-1798) The Romantic Period (1798-1832) The Victorian Age (1832-1901) Twentieth Century (1900- ) Chapter OneThe English Renaissance (1500- 1625) 文艺复兴指 14-17 世纪发端于意大利后波及全欧的一场新兴资产阶级反封建、反教会的思想文化运动。人文主义遍布英国思想领域，英国文学代表欧洲文艺复兴文学的最高成就。英国的诗歌、戏剧和散文，都在文艺复兴时期得到巨大发展。 文艺复兴浪潮影响到英国的速度比较慢,不仅因为英国远离欧洲大陆,而且还因为其国内的动荡不安。16世纪﹐由於新航路发现後海外贸易发达﹐英国国力逐渐充实﹐民族主义高涨﹐1588年一举击败大陆强国西班牙派来入侵的“无敌舰队”。文化上也出现了一个活动频繁﹑佳作竞出的文艺复兴局面。 英国文学代表欧洲文艺复兴文学的最高成就。代表：托马斯·漠尔、克利斯朵夫·马洛和威廉·莎士比亚。 The Renaissance (1) The word “Renaissance” means “rebirth”. It meant the reintroduction into western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome. (2) The Renaissance became a broad dividing line between the Middle Ages and the Modern Ages. And it came to a flowering in the 15th century and then in the 16th century it spread to France, and thence to Germany and England and Spain and the Low Countries. (3) The essence of the Renaissance is Humanism.  Humanism (1) Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. (2) It emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. Stages of English Literature of the Renaissance The first stage: “Oxford Reformers” and Thomas More (p.3) The second stage: “Elizabethan Age” (1558-1603) The Jacobean Period (1603-1625) The first stage: “Oxford Reformers” 牛津城改革家 Thomas More (1478-1535) 英国新一代人文主义作家 Utopia 乌托邦 (1515) 第一卷揭露了“圈地”运动“羊吃人”的事实,批判了资本原始积累的残酷性；第二卷虚构了一个平等自由的理想社会。这部小说被认为是空想社会主义著作之一。 “Elizabethan Age” Elizabeth I即位时不但成功地保持了英格兰的统一，而且在经过近半个世纪的统治后，使英格兰成为欧洲最强大的国家之