太湖流域粳稻地方品种遗传多样性研究.pdfVIP

生物多样性 2006, 14 (6): 479-487 doi: 10.1360/biodiv.060189 Biodiversity Science http: // 太湖流域粳稻地方品种遗传多样性研究 金伟栋1, 2 洪德林1* 1 (南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室, 南京 210095) 2 (苏州市农村干部学院, 苏州 215011) 摘要: 太湖流域稻作历史悠久, 是我国粳稻高产地区之一。但育成品种的遗传基础日趋狭窄, 将会给农业生产带 来潜在风险。为了有效利用地方水稻资源以扩大改良品种的遗传基础, 作者通过调查19个农艺性状, 对823个太湖 流域粳稻地方品种的遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明: 15个数量性状的变异系数(CV)范围在4.6%(结实率)和 33.7%(单株产量)之间。颖壳色、稃尖色、芒型和粒型4个质量性状分别有10、6、5、4种表现型。19个农艺性状的 多样性指数(H ′)变化范围在0.757(粒型)和1.930(每穗实粒数)之间, 平均为1.540。9月10 日以后抽穗的品种比9月10 日及其以前抽穗的品种具有更丰富的表型变异。主成分分析表明, 株高、单株有效穗、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、 着粒密度、千粒重、单株产量和穗颈长等8个性状是解释太湖流域粳稻地方品种多样性的重要性状。 关键词: 水稻, 表型变异, 多样性指数, 主成分分析, 变异系数 Genetic diversity in japonica rice landraces (Oryza sativa) from the Taihu Lake region Weidong Jin1, 2, Delin Hong1* 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 2 Suzhou Institute of Rural Cadre, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215011 Abstract: The Taihu Lake region has a long history of cultivating rice (Oryza sativa L. sub. japonica ) and has a high yield of rice. However, the genetic basis of rice varieties is becoming more and more narrow, which may result in potential risk to agricultural production. In order to enlarge the genetic basis of rice va- rieties by virtue of local varieties, we examined the genetic diversity of 823 varieties of japonica rice land- races from Taihu Lake region. We found that, among the 19 traits studied, the coefficient of variation of 15 quantitative traits ranged from