应付大学英语四、六级写作中词汇匮乏的技巧.pdfVIP

应付大学英语四、六级写作中词汇匮乏的技巧 在四、六级作文中，词汇量不足是影响成绩的一个重要因素。一个意思往往因为一 个单词不会而表达不清，一个好的句子也会因为一个词汇想不起来而不能完成。如何应付这 种情况使作文顺利进行下去？下面是三种简便易行的应急措施可能对你会有所帮助。 1.试用笼统词 英语(论坛)语言中笼统词又have, take 等，笼统词的重要特点在于意义广泛，搭配性 强，构成词组后可以替代众多具体动词。虽然不能精确表达一个动作，却能大致表达意思。 在一些具体动词写不出来的时候，用这些笼统词取代，也能收到异曲同工的效果。 例如：我经历了一个极其艰苦的时代。 I experienced a terrible hard time. 这一句中，experience 被遗忘时，用have 代替，成为：I had a terrible hard time. 其 效果及表达的意义决不亚于第一句。这样的例子还很多。如： Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir? I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting. I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper. They occupied the city. = They took the city. The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father. 从以上的例句不难看出，具体词音节较多，使用频率不高，容易遗忘，而笼统词则不 然。因此，在作文应试中，笼统词取代具体词，不失为一种应急良策。 2.联想有关词汇 当遗忘产生时，或遇到未曾学过的词时，应采取放射性思维，发挥想象力，想出一切 与之有关的单词，利用语言的内在联系，多层次，多角度地运用语言。一般情况下，联想可 按下列思路进行：1 联想同义词；2 联想反义词。 英语语言中众多的同义词在许多情况下是可以通用的。利用这一规律，由于某个单词 受阻而影响全篇写作的情况便不会出现。试看下列句子： I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night. Nightmare 使用频率不太高，因此不太好记。而其同义词bad dream 却很容易记。以 后者取代前者丝毫不影响原句的意义。再比如：I don„t understand this word. 也可以说成 I don‟t know this word. 另外： He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly. The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat. They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five. His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper. 英语语言中词与词之间是有联系的，词与词之间语义的“共核”现象即所谓的同义词。丰 富的同义词给我们提供了极大的方便。 同样，用其反义词来取代某一遗忘了的词也是可行的，请看下面的例子： He is stubborn. = He is not tame. The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp. This is expensive. = This is not cheap. She is talkative. = She is never quiet. 3. 试用解释性语句 语言的功能在于表达，而表达的方式是多种多样的。当一个词影响到?? 以沟通。英?? 请看下面的句子： He is a dumb. = He is a person who can no