科普知识学英语 对未来期望值低的人可能更长寿.docVIP

Older people who have low expectations for a satisfying future may be more likely to live longer, healthier lives than those who see brighter days ahead, according to new research published by the American Psychological Association. Our findings revealed that being overly optimistic in predicting a better future was associated with a greater risk of disability and death within the following decade, said lead author Frieder R. Lang, PhD, of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany. Pessimism about the future may encourage people to live more carefully, taking health and safety precautions. The study was published online in the journal Psychology and Aging. ? Lang and colleagues examined data collected from 1993 to 2003 for the national German Socio-Economic Panel, an annual survey of private households consisting of approximately 40,000 people 18 to 96 years old. The researchers divided the data according to age groups: 18 to 39 years old, 40 to 64 years old and 65 years old and above. Through mostly in-person interviews, respondents were asked to rate how satisfied they were with their lives and how satisfied they thought they would be in five years. ? Five years after the first interview, 43 percent of the oldest group had underestimated their future life satisfaction, 25 percent had predicted accurately and 32 percent had overestimated, according to the study. Based on the average level of change in life satisfaction over time for this group, each increase in overestimating future life satisfaction was related to a 9.5 percent increase in reporting disabilities and a 10 percent increased risk of death, the analysis revealed. ? Because a darker outlook on the future is often more realistic, older adults predictions of their future satisfaction may be more accurate, according to the study. In contrast, the youngest group had the sunniest outlook while the middle-aged adults made the most accurate predictions, but became more pessimistic over time. ? Unexpe