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文章编号：1008-181X（2001）01-0181-04 土壤胶体表面吸附态铜的解吸动力学特征 杨亚提1，张一平2 （1：西北农林科技大学生命科学学院，陕西 杨凌 712100；2：西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院，陕西 杨凌 712100） 摘 要：供试土壤胶体吸附态Cu的解吸过程分为两个阶段，0~60 min时间段为快速反应阶段，对应于静电吸附态Cu的解吸；60 min以后为慢速反应阶段，对应于专性吸附态Cu的解吸。解吸遵循两点位一级反应方程；在3种介质下，两点位解吸速率常数及吸附量大小为k1＞k2，C2＞C1；各土壤胶体的解吸速率大小次序与表面电荷密度的大小相反。草酸、柠檬酸可以增加吸附态Cu的解吸；在NaNO3介质中，第二点位吸附态Cu量与总吸附量的比值（C2/C0）可作为专性吸附的特征值。 关键词：恒电荷土壤胶体；铜；解吸；动力学；两点位 中图分类号：X131.3 文献标识码：A Kinetics of copper desorption from constant charge soil colloid YANG Ya-ti1，ZHANG Yi-ping2 （1: College of Life Science, Northwest Science Technology University of Agriculture Forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China； 2: College Of Resource and Environment Science, Northwest Science Technology University of Agriculture Forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China） Abstract: The processes of copper desorption from soil colloids were divided in two stages, 0~60 minute period was rapid reaction involving desorption from electrostatic adsorbed Cu by soil colloid; the period after 60 minute belong to slow reaction involving desorption from specific adsorbed Cu by soil colloid. Processes of desorption were found to be described well by a two-site first-order kinetic model, the desorbed rate constant of the first site was bigger than that of the second site, desorption rate constants were related with surface charge density. Oxalic acid and citric acid can increase Cu desorbed amount. In background electrolyte solution NaNO3, specific value (C2/C0) of adsorbed amount in the second site adsorbed amount and total adsorbed amount was expressed to be characteristic value of specific adsorption. Key words: soil colloid；copper；desorption；kinetic；two site 土壤中重金属离子的生物有效性及潜在的毒性由它们在土壤溶液中的浓度以及从土壤固相释放的速率大小来控制。许多研究已经证明土壤对重金属离子具有很强的吸附能力，溶液中重金属离子的浓度强烈地受无机和有机土壤胶体表面的吸附-解吸作用所控制。在重金属离子解吸的研究中，多采用较强的外源性有机络合剂，与土壤溶液相差较远，且土壤中吸附态重金属的解吸量和解吸速率强烈地受所使用络合剂浓度的影响。Clare等[1~3]用一种与自然土壤溶液比较接的近弱电解质溶液（0.01 mol/L Ca(NO3)2）作为解吸溶液，研究了Fe和Mn氧化物中Cd2+、Co2+解吸特征。 由于植物根际土壤中，含有微量的植物根系分泌物如草酸和柠檬酸，所以本研究采用3种更类似于