机电专业英语 教学课件 作者 杨寿智 刘水平 机电专业英语.Lesson 25.pptVIP

Lesson 25 A dc Generator Text Figure 25.1 shows a simplified dc generator consisting of a single loop of wire in a permanent magnetic field. Notice that each end of the loop is connected to a split-ring arrangement .This conductive metal ring is called a commutator .As the loop is rotated in the magnetic field, the split commutator ring also rotates. Each half of the spilt ring rubs against the fixed contacts, called brushes , and connects the loop to an external circuit . As the loop rotates through the magnetic field, it “cuts” through the flux lines at varying angles, as illustrated in Figure 25.2①. At position A in its rotation, the loop of wire is effectively moving parallel with the magnetic field . Therefore, at this instant, the rate at which it is cutting through the magnetic flux lines is zero. As the loop moves from position A to position B, it cuts through the flux lines at an increasing rate . At position B, it is moving effectively perpendicular to the magnetic field and thus is cutting through a maximum number of lines . As the loop rotates from position B to position C, the rate at which it cuts the flux lines decreases to minimum (zero) at C .From position C to position D , the rate at which the loop cuts the flux lines increases to a maximum at D and then back to a minimum again at A . As you previously learned, when a wire moves through a magnetic field, a voltage is induced , and by Faraday’s law , the amount of induced voltage is proportional to the number of loops (turns) in the wire and the rate at which it is moving with respect to the magnetic field②. Now you know that the angle at which the wire moves with respect to the magnetic flux lines determines the amount of induced voltage, because the rate at which the wire cuts through the flux lines depends on the angle of motion③. Figure 25.3 illustrates how a voltage is induced in the external circuit as the single loop rotates in the magnetic field. Assume that the loop is in its instantaneo