机电专业英语 中级 教学课件 作者 谭雪松 杨财荣 unit1.pptVIP

Reading Materials（阅读材料） Shaft（轴） Virtually all machines contain shafts. The most common shape for shafts is circular and the cross section can be either solid or hollow (hollow shafts can result in weight savings). Rectangular shafts are sometimes used, as in screwdriver blades, socket wrenches and control knob stems. 实际上，几乎所有的机器中都装有轴。轴最常见的形状是圆形，其截面可以是实心的，也可以是空心的（空心轴可以减轻重量）。有时也采用矩形轴，例如，螺丝起子的头、套筒扳手和控制旋扭的杆。 A shaft must have adequate torsional strength to transmit torque and not be overstressed. It must also be torsionally stiff enough so that one mounted component does not deviate excessively from its original angular position relative to a second component mounted on the same shaft. 为了在传递扭矩时不发生过载，轴应该具有适当的抗扭强度。轴还应该具有足够的抗扭刚度，以使同一个轴上的两个传动零件之间的相对转角不会过大。 For diameters less than 3 in., the usual shaft material is cold-rolled steel containing about 0.4 percent carbon. Shafts are either cold-rolled or forged in sizes from 3 in. to 5 in. .For sizes above 5 in., shafts are forged and machined to size. Plastic shafts are widely used for light load applications. One advantage of using plastic is safety in electrical applications, since plastic is a poor conductor of electricity. 直径小于3英寸的轴可以采用含碳量大约为0.4%的冷轧钢，直径为3～5英寸的轴可以采用冷轧钢或锻造毛坯。当直径大于5英寸时，则要采用锻造毛坯，然后机械加工到所要求的尺寸。轻载时，广泛采用塑料（由于塑料是绝缘体），在电器中用它作轴比较安全。 TEXT 4Grammars（语法）-不定式 不定式作主语 不定式作宾语 不定式作表语 不定式作定语 不定式作状语 动词不定式指由to加上动词原形（而且只能是动词原形）所构成的一种非限定性动词，在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作以下句子成分。 1. 不定式作主语 To get high scores in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is really a hard nut. 译文：要想短时间内在研究生入学考试中取得高分是件很难的事情。 这种形式一般并不多见。作为考试的规范英语，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词“it”作形式主语（形式主语“it”不能由“that”或“this”等其他代词代替），而将不定式放到后面。 例句： It is really a hard nut to get high scores in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time. 2. 不定式作宾语 （1）动词+带to的不定式结构 We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults?(银行保管库)?of this nation. 译文：我们不相信这个国家的主要银行保管库没有足够的资金。 这类动词有：afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, ask, believe, ca