纺纱原理第7章.ppt

Drawing A drawing frame uses a series of rollers arranged in pairs and rotating at different speeds, to draw out, or draft, sliver. At the first drawing frame, several card slivers usually eight are combined to further blend the fibers. At this point, ring-spun yarns go through a roving process; other short-staple yarns are spun directly from drawn sliver. 第七章 牵伸与并合 7.1 牵伸基本概念 一、牵伸的实质 将须条抽长拉细，即使须条内各纤维沿轴向（长度方向）产生相互间的位移，从而使纤维排列在更长的长度上，使须条截面减细。 二、实现牵伸的条件 1、有两个能握持须条的钳口 2、两钳口之间有一定的距离，这个距离要与须条内纤维的长度相适应。 3、两钳口要有相对运动，输出钳口的表面速度大于喂入钳口的表面速度。 三、牵伸值（牵伸倍数）与牵伸效率 机械牵伸值：E V2/V1 V2 —前罗拉表面速度 V1 —后罗拉表面速度 实际牵伸值： 牵伸效率：实际牵伸值与机械牵伸值之比。 η取决于滑溜、纤维损失、加捻等。 牵伸配合率：牵伸效率的倒数，用于棉纺。 四、牵伸类型 1、张力牵伸（第一类牵伸）：当两握持点的相对速度很小，或施加的外力不足以克服纤维间的摩擦力和抱合力，则须条中纤维之间未发生轴向的相对位移，须条伸长仅是须条中的伸直或弹性伸长。一旦外力消除，这种伸长又恢复原状。 2、位移牵伸（第二类牵伸）：当两握持点间存在较大的相对速度，且外力足以克服纤维间的摩擦力和抱合力，使纤维间产生相对运动，须条被抽长拉细，当外力消除后将保持被牵伸的状态。 3、总牵伸和部分牵伸：当牵伸机构有两对以上的钳口时，称为多区牵伸机构。总牵伸等于各部分牵伸的连乘积： 五、牵伸区内纤维分类 1、被控制纤维：受前罗拉或后罗拉控制，并以该罗拉表面速度运动的纤维。包括前纤维和后纤维。 2、浮游纤维：在某一瞬时未被前罗拉或后罗拉控制的纤维。 3、快速纤维：以前罗拉表面速度运动的纤维，包括前纤维和已变为前罗拉速度的浮游纤维。 4、慢速纤维：以后罗拉速度运动的纤维，包括后纤维和未变速的浮游纤维。 Task of draft Gives a reduction of sliver thickness and also contributes to improved fiber orientation. Calculated and actual draft Calculated draft E is obtained when the draft is determined from the dimensions of the machine parts. The value arrived at when the calculation is based on the material being processed is called the actual draft D. The D/E ratio usually ranges from about 0.85 to 0.95. The drafting zone Basic requirements for drafting 1 Back and front rollers: The basic requirement for roller drafting consists of a pair of back rollers and a pair of front rollers. 2 Ratch reach, roller setting : The distance between the nips of the back rollers and the front rollers. 3 Difference between the surface speeds of back and front rollers Beard fibers: the fibers held in the back roller nip are known as back beard fibers, while the fibers held in the front roller nip are called front bea