自由曲面光学镜片的设计.doc

自由曲面光学镜面的设计 摘 要 光学自由曲面具有非对称面形、灵活的空间布局、丰富的设计自由度等特性。自由曲面是应用最广泛的曲面形状之一，如能改善人类视觉质量的渐进多焦点眼用镜片，就是自由曲面技术在眼用光学镜片中的成功应用。本文通过设计渐进多焦点眼用镜片，并以之为例研究自由曲面光学镜片的性质及特点。 渐进镜片(英文progressive addition lenses 简称PAL）是针对老视症状的一种有效的解决手段，与各类传统老视镜片相比较具有许多优点，本文对这种镜片的设计和评价进行研究。 首先，介绍渐变镜片的渐变结构特征和矫正原理，比较分析软设计和硬设计之间的区别。 其次，介绍渐进多焦点眼用镜片的基本结构。应用基于狄利克雷原则的软设计方法，阐述渐进多焦点眼用镜片子午线设计的基本原理，构建子午线多项式，给出子午线设计需满足的条件。在子午线设计的基础上，设计渐进多焦点眼用镜片等屈光度轮廓线，在此基础上设计镜片矢高，确定镜片面形。 然后，根据曲面的微分几何理论，给出渐变镜片的性能评价方法，即计算镜片的球面度及柱面度。 关键词 渐进镜片；老视；软设计；子午线 Design of free-form surface optical lenses Abstract Free-form lens has asymmetric surface shape, flexible space layout, extensive design freedom and other characteristics. Free surface is one of the curved shapes which are most widely applied. For instance, the progressive addition lenses（PAL) which improve the quality of human vision are a successful example that the free-form technology is applied to optical lenses. In this paper, the design of the progressive addition lenses is introduced, and the nature and characteristics of the optical lenses will be researched through it. The progressive addition lenses is a new kind of effective solution to presbyopia, it has many advantages over other lenses dealing with presbyopia. Investigation of its design and evaluation method is shown in this paper. Various kinds of presbyopia lens is reviewed and compared. The basic feature and principle of the PAL are introduced and the difference between the characteristics of hard design and soft design is described as well. The structure of progressive addition lenses is introduced, and the soft method based on Dirichlet principle is given in detail. The principle of designing meridional power laws for progressive addition lenses is expounded based on polynomial, and the criterion of designing meridional power laws is given out. On the basis of designing meridional power laws, the vector height and the isopower contours are designed in order to determine the surfaces of progressive addition len