远程USB光纤传输系统的研究与设计.pdf

远程 USB 光纤传输系统的研究与设计 摘 要 通用串行总线（USB）是一种新兴的计算机外围通信接口标准，随 着计算机技术和数字技术的迅猛发展，以及 USB 2.0、USB OTG 的推出， USB 技术的应用日益广泛。USB 具有灵活、方便、应用范围广、通信稳 定、成本低廉等优点，已成为当前计算机必备的接口。但是其单段电缆 几米、多级串联几十米的传输距离，始终是限制其应用范围进一步拓展 的巨大障碍。因此，远程 USB 传输系统的开发具有重要意义。 本文提出了一种利用光纤实现 USB 信号远距离透明传输的方案。它 支持 USB 全速传输，在本地的主机一侧和远端的设备一侧分别添加一个 光收发端机，中间通过一对单模光纤进行连接。本文对系统的硬件电路 和 FPGA 内核编程作了详细介绍，给出了各部分的电路原理图、Verilog 核心代码和调试结果，对系统调试和运行中出现的问题进行了分析，给 出了解决问题和排除故障的方案。文末还对高速远程 USB 传输系统的设 计提出了建议，并提出了后续工作的目标。 关键词：通用串行总线（USB），光纤传输，远程传输，现场可编程门阵 列（FPGA），Verilog 硬件描述语言（Verilog HDL），光收发端机 图片目录 图 1 USB 总线拓扑 ········································································································· 5 图 2 USB 电缆 ················································································································· 5 图 3 典型的高速/全速 USB 电缆结构··········································································· 6 图 4 插锁型连接器协议 ································································································· 7 图 5 低速设备的电缆和电阻连接 ················································································· 8 图 6 全速和高速设备的电缆和电阻连接 ····································································· 8 图 7 NRZI 数据编码 ····································································································· 10 图 8 USB 分层体系结构 ······························································································· 13 图 9 USB 包的结构 ······································································································· 14 图 10 SYNC 字段的结构 ································································································ 15 图 11 PID 字段的格式········