大型高海拔空气簇射观测站(LHAASO)计划.pdfVIP

中国核科学技术进展报告（第一卷） 核电子学与核探测技术分卷 Progress Report on China Nuclear Science Technology （Vol.1 ） 2009 年11 月 大型高海拔空气簇射观测站 （LHAASO ）计划 何会海（LHAASO 合作组） ( 中国科学院高能物理研究所，北京 100049) 2 摘要：LHAASO 计划将在海拔4 300 m 的雪域高原建造覆盖1 km 的大型地面粒子阵列，采用大面积muon 探测器突 破γ/p 鉴别的瓶颈，在50 TeV 以上能段实现对γ射线的零背景观测，从而实现 1%蟹状星云流强的灵敏度，发现大 批河内γ射线源并精确测量其直到1PeV 的高端能谱，以区分其电子/强子起源，进而寻找河内Pevatron 。总面积达9 万m2 的4 个水Cerenkov 阵列将在甚高能区以2%蟹状星云流强的灵敏度对γ源展开全天候、宽视场扫描，并监测其 时变现象。上述装置辅以5 000 m2 的簇射芯探测器和28 台宽视场Cerenkov/荧光望远镜，通过多参数复合测量实现 对原初成分的区分，将对10 TeV～1 EeV 能段宇宙线能谱和成分做出最佳的测量。LHAASO 计划预先研究进展顺利， 部分探测器样机业已在羊八井宇宙线观测站投入运行，实现和ARGO/ASγ实验的符合观测，计划于2010 年在羊八井 宇宙线观测站建成一个1%LHAASO 规模的样机阵列。 关键词：伽玛射线天文；宇宙线物理；缪子探测器；水契仑科夫探测器 1 INTRODUCTION The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) project [1] is proposed to study gamma ray astronomy from 40GeV to 1PeV by searching for cosmic ray sources using gamma rays above 30TeV, survey in the whole northern sky for gamma ray sources above 100GeV and gamma ray source observation using high resolution telescopes, and cosmic ray physics from 10TeV to 1EeV in energy spectrum for individual composition above 10TeV and energy spectrum and composition above 100PeV. Ground-based Extensive Air Shower (EAS) detector is the only choice to cover the wide (about 8 orders of) energy range. The proposed detector consists of the following components: a 1km2 EAS array (KM2A), 4 water Cerenkov detector arrays (WCDAs), a 5000m2 shower core detector array (SCDA), a wide field of view (FOV) Cerenkov/fluorescence telescope array (WFCA) and 2 large imaging Cerenkov telescopes (LIACTs). A tentative site is located at Yangbajing (4300m a.s.l.), Tibet, China, near the ASγ[2] and ARGO-YBJ [3] experiments. In this paper we