违约损害赔偿的研究.pdf

内 容 摘 要 内 容 摘 要 违约损害赔偿是合同法的核心。我国《合同法》借鉴各国之先进立法经验， 对此作出了规定，但由于相关制度设计过于原则，缺乏可操作性，以致在司法实 践中难以发挥其应有的作用。本文仅就违约损害赔偿的相关问题作一浅探，以期 对我国司法实务有所裨益。第一章，介绍违约损害赔偿的价值目标：保护与激励。 由此引出效率违约论，该指出该理论并非对违约损害赔偿价值目标的否定，而是 以“效率”为价值评判的尺度。笔者从效率违约的理论基础、效率违约与实际履行 的关系及其对我国法的借鉴意义几个方面进行了论述。第二章，违约损害赔偿的 适用条件包括违约行为、损害和因果关系。笔者首先将违约行为界定为当事人未 依合同债务的本质履行其在合同项下的任何义务的行为；其次，本文主要从损害 种类的角度分析了财产损害与非财产损害，返还利益、信赖利益与期待利益，所 受损害与所失利益，实际损失与可得利益损失等。最后，笔者介绍了因果关系的 两分法，主张以事实因果关系作为违约损害赔偿的适用条件。第三章，违约损害 赔偿应实行完全赔偿原则，但完全赔偿原则并非是指与违约行为具有因果关系的 损害均予赔偿，而是要受制于一定的限制规则。作者对可预见规则和减损规则从 其内涵、法理依据、构成要件及其具体适用等几方面进行了阐述，以便于司法实 践中具体操作。 关 键 词：损害赔偿；效率违约；可预见规则 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Compensation system for the breach of contract is the core of the Contract Law. The Contract Law of P.R.C, drawing lessons from the achievements of other countries, makes it regulated. But the rules and regulations are too simple to operate in the judicial practice effectively. Otherwise, more and more problems arise from practice, which need explanation in theory. In view of these facts, compensation for breach of contract is a topic worth making a further study on. This article just tends to study it as an attempt. The thesis, besides the introduction and epilogue, consists of three parts. Part I The Value Goals of Compensation System for Breach of Contract—Protection and Incentive. First, the compensation system for breach of contract is to protect the victim of a breach of contract. The victim should be placed in the same situation as if the contract had been performed. On the base of this, the remedy system also provides incentives to both the parties. The ‘efficient breach’ makes the value goal of the compensation for breach of Contract modified.