模具专业英语 教学课件 作者 王浩钢 14456第14章.ppt

Lesson 14 Extrusion 　　Extrusion is the process in which material is forced by compression to flow through a suitably shaped aperture in a die, usually to give a product of a smaller but uniform cross-sectional area①. 　　The process can be carried out with the starting material at ambient temperature, i.e. 　　cold extrusion, or heated to a temperature which gives optimum results for the conditions applying and the product requirements, i.e. hot or warm extrusion. 　　In most cases, the metal is in the form of a solid or hollow cylinder and is moved in a containing tool in the direction in which the product emerges from the die aperture. 　　However, there are some variations on this such as backward-extrusion, tube extrusion, compound extrusion, and sideways (lateral, transverse) extrusion. 　　Most metals can be extruded in one way or another, but obviously some more easily than others. 　　The common metals that can be extruded at ambient temperatures are lead, aluminium, copper, low carbon steels and a few alloys of these metals. The softer semi-precious metals can also be extruded cold if required. Hot extrusion 　　Traditionally, in hot extrusion a billet of metal is forced through a shaped hole at one end of a container by the action of a ram pressing from the other end. 　　The container bore is of uniform cross-section and the ratio of its area to that of the product is known as the extrusion ratio. 　　In the most common form of the process, direct extrusion, the ram moves through the bore of the container, the die being clamped rigidly against the end of the container. The extrudate exits in the same direction as the ram moves. 　　In indirect extrusion, the die is fitted on to the ram which is forced against the billet held in a container closed at the far end. 　　In this case the extrudate leaves the die through the hollow ram. Although the container bore is normally round it may also be rectangular to permit extrusion of very wide products. 　　In dir