均相条件下壳聚糖乙酰化反应地研究.pdfVIP

1.1 化学工程 均相条件下壳聚糖乙酰化反应的研究 * 王丽霞 张金利 李韡 王一平 （天津大学化工学院，天津，300072） 摘 要：脱乙酰度是衡量壳聚糖氨基含量的一个重要参数，影响壳聚糖多方面的应用。本文以高脱乙酰化的壳 聚糖为主要原料，乙酸水溶液和甲醇为介质，研究了均相条件下壳聚糖的乙酰化反应。重点考察了反应时间和 乙酸酐加入量对脱乙酰度的影响，优化了反应工艺，反应时间由同条件下报道的24h 缩短为6h，在优化后工艺 条件下，改变乙酸酐加入量制备了特定脱乙酰度的壳聚糖。采用紫外一阶导数光谱法测量脱乙酰度，红外光谱 分析表明，产物无副反应发生。 关键词：壳聚糖； 乙酰化； 甲壳素； 均相； 脱乙酰度 RESEARCH ON ACETYLATION OF CHITOSAN IN HOMOGENEOUS MEDIUM WANG Lixia, ZHANG Jinli, LI Wei and WANG Yiping (Department of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China) Abstract: Chitosan, the deacetylated derivative of chitin, has received much attention for its diverse applications. The degree of deacetylation is an important parameter to chitosan for its physiochemical and bioactive properties. In this paper, the acetylation of chitosan in acetic acid-methonal solution were studied, and the acetylated product was characterized by UV and FT-IR. The results showed that 6h was enough for acetic anhydride to be fully reacted, no necessary to take 24h as other researchers did. Taken 6h as reaction time, chitosan with different degree of deacetylation was prepared though altering the addition amount of acetic anhydride. FT-IR spectra of acetylated chitosan demonstrated there was no side reaction under these reaction conditions. Key words: chitosan; acetylation; chitin; homogeneous; degree of deacetylation 引 言 壳聚糖作为一种天然多糖，具有良好的生物兼容性和可生物降解性，是一种优良的生物材 料。壳聚糖也具有对重金属离子的螯合性、抗菌性和成膜性等性质，应用于水处理、农业和环 保等领域。它是由2-氨基-D-葡萄糖和 2-酰氨基-D-葡萄糖通过β-1，4 糖苷键连接得到的直链多糖，其中氨基葡萄糖结构单元与总结构 单元的摩尔比，即脱乙酰度[1]是一个重要的结构参数，影响壳聚糖的理化特性和生物活性。如： 脱乙酰度低于 70% 的容易降解，而脱乙酰度高于70% 的很难降解[2] ；在基因转染中，脱乙酰度 影响壳聚糖与DNA 的成键参 数、DNA 的释放和体内外基因转染效率[3] ；壳聚糖膜材料中，脱乙酰度也影响壳聚糖膜的表面 形态