Chapter 8Joints.ppt

Chapter 8Joints Joints hold bones together but permit movement Point of contact between 2 bones between cartilage and bone between teeth and bones Classification of Joints Structural classification based upon: presence of space between bones synovial cavity type of connective tissue holding bones together Fibrous joints- collagen fibers Cartilaginous joints-cartilage Synovial joints-joint capsule accessory ligaments Functional classification based upon movement: immovable synarthrosis slightly movable amphiarthrosis freely movable diarthrosis synovial joints Fibrous Joints Lack a synovial cavity Bones held closely together by fibrous connective tissue Little or no movement synarthroses or amphiarthroses 3 structural types sutures syndesmoses gomphoses Sutures Thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue unites bones of the skull Immovable synarthrosis If fuse completely in adults is synostosis Syndesmosis Fibrous joint bones united by ligament Slightly movable amphiarthrosis Anterior tibiofibular joint and Interosseous membrane Gomphosis Ligament holds cone-shaped peg in bony socket Immovable synarthrosis Teeth in alveolar processes Cartilaginous Joints Lacks a synovial cavity Allows little or no movement Bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage 2 types synchondroses symphyses Synchondrosis Connecting material is hyaline cartilage Immovable synarthrosis Epiphyseal plate or joints between ribs and sternum Symphysis Fibrocartilage is connecting material Slightly movable amphiarthroses Intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis Synovial Joints Synovial cavity separates articulating bones Freely moveable diarthroses Articular cartilage reduces friction absorbs shock Articular capsule surrounds joint thickenings in fibrouscapsule called ligaments Synovial membrane inner lining of capsule secretes synovial fluid containing hyaluronic acid slippery brings nutrients to articular cartilage Example of Synovial Joint Joi