Chapter 9Technicalities Classes, etc..ppt

* Chapter 9Technicalities: Classes, etc. Bjarne Stroustrup /Programming Abstract This lecture presents language technicalities, mostly related to user defined types; that is, classes and enumerations. * Stroustrup/Programming/2015 Overview Classes Implementation and interface Constructors Member functions Enumerations Operator overloading * Stroustrup/Programming/2015 Classes The idea: A class directly represents a concept in a program If you can think of “it” as a separate entity, it is plausible that it could be a class or an object of a class Examples: vector, matrix, input stream, string, FFT, valve controller, robot arm, device driver, picture on screen, dialog box, graph, window, temperature reading, clock A class is a (user-defined) type that specifies how objects of its type can be created and used In C++ (as in most modern languages), a class is the key building block for large programs And very useful for small ones also The concept was originally introduced in Simula67 * Stroustrup/Programming/2015 Members and member access One way of looking at a class; class X { // this class’ name is X // data members (they store information) // function members (they do things, using the information) }; Example class X { public: int m; // data member int mf(int v) { int old = m; m=v; return old; } // function member }; X var; // var is a variable of type X var.m = 7; // access var’s data member m int x = var.mf(9); // call var’s member function mf() * Stroustrup/Programming/2015 Classes A class is a user-defined type class X { // this class’ name is X public: // public members -- that’s the interface to users // (accessible by all) // functions // types // data (often best kept private) private: // private members -- that’s the implementation details // (accessible by members of this class only) // functions // types // data }; * Stroustrup/Programming/2015 Struct and class Class members are private by default: class X { int