Chapter Extension 7.ppt

Chapter Extension 7 How the Internet Works Study Questions How does e-mail travel? What is a communications protocol? What are the functions of the five TCP/IP OSI layers? How does the Internet work? How does www.PrenH become 4.65? How Does E-mail Travel? Messages and attachments sent from first computer Broken down into pieces Pieces called packets Routers determine the best way to move messages through Internet System employed to ensure all pieces are received Packets resent if necessary Messages and attachments reassembled at recipient’s computer What Is a Communications Protocol? Protocol Standardized means Used for coordinating activities Sequence of ordered steps Communications protocol Means for coordinating activities between communicating computers Computers agree on protocol to use Broken down into layers Layered Protocol Schemes Protocol architectures Reference Model for Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Developed by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Transmission Control Program/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) TCP/IP-OSI architecture is blend TCP/IP-OSI Architecture Terminology Architecture Arrangement of protocol layers Each layer performs specific tasks Protocol Exist at each layer of architecture Set of rules that accomplish tasks at that layer Program Specific computer product Implements a protocol Layer 5 Protocols Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Standard e-mail protocol Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Processes Web pages File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Used to copy files from one computer to another Layer 4 Transmission Control program (TCP) Converts from one data representation to another Breaks e-mail into segments Adds identifying segments to beginning of pieces Provides reliability Checks to see if all packets are received Layer 3 Internet Protocol Interacts with TCP in Layer 4 Routers send messages across Internet Works through IP Special purpose computers Packages