Lecture 9 Disposable Camera.ppt

Lecture 9: Disposable Camera Learning Engineering Using Inexpensive Products That May Be Found Around The House Or Apartment or Dorm Room Electrical Safety Note on the diagram of the camera that voltages as high as 320V exist in this circuit It is current, not voltage, that heats a wire and that causes damage to humans. The salty fluids of the human body are electrical conductors. The interior resistance of an arm, from hand to shoulder is about 100 Ohms. Electrical Safety Any voltage across the internal resistance will cause currents to flow and heat to be generated sufficient to cause damage to tissue. Much more significantly, the nervous system and its means of control over muscles including the heart are electrochemical. Thus, damage can occur at currents much less than those necessary to cause burns. Electrical Safety:Current Physiological Reaction 60 Hz Electrical Safety One of the key characteristics that distinguishes an EE, CSE or EPE from other technical professionals is an understanding of electrical safety. It is particularly important to be able to estimate currents from known voltages, since voltages are easier to measure and generally more controllable. Thus, if you learn nothing else from IEE, you should learn that: Ohm’s Law can save your life and the lives of others. Electrical Safety:How To Avoid Shock Estimate voltages and currents and act cautiously. Resistance of dry skin offers protection below 50 V. Typically, skin inserts 10k to 100k Ohms of resistance between an outside conductor and internal fluids. Skin provides safe current limiting below 50 V if it is dry. Electrical Safety:How To Avoid Shock When working with voltages above 100 V, exercise great care. If you must work with these voltages, a famous rule is to keep one hand in your pocket because arm-to-arm current through your heart is much worse neurologically than local currents through one limb. Electrical Safety: References MIT Lab Safety NASA Lab Safety Tecra Tools Elec