Chap15--Quantum(zq).pptVIP

where E is the total mechanical energy (potential energy plus kinetic energy) of the moving particle. We cannot derive Schr?dingers equation from more basic principles; it is the basic principle. For a free particle on which no net force acts, from We have —— time-independent Schrodinger equation of a 1D free particle, Then, its most general solution is: So, time-dependent wave function of a free particle traveling in x direction, P802! Some requirements imposed on wave function: 1. It should be a continuous function. Since the probability should be continuous from point to point and not to take discontinuous jumps. 2. It should be normalized (归一化). (波函数应满足的条件) For a single particle, the probability of finding it at one point or another must exactly 1. normalization condition The probabilities summed over all space should be 100 percent. (单值、有限和连续的) Particle in an infinitely deep square well potential : U(x)= 0 (0 x L ) ∞ (x≤0， x≥L) Letting a particle of mass m is confined to a 1D box of width L. The particle is trapped in this box and collisions with the walls are perfectly elastic. Special Case: From we have B= 0, then, Its general solution is: boundary condition: 阱外找到粒子的概率为零波函数连续. From , we have Eq.34-14 of P805 To find the constant A, using normalization condition: So, the probability of finding particle at position x in the well (在势阱内坐标 x 处找到粒子的概率) : Particle is more likely to be found in some places than in others. From The energy level of particle in the well: The energy E can only have certain quantized energies (粒子能量只能取分立,不连续的值，能量是量子化的). Where integer n is called the quantum number of the state. That the lowest energy E1 (is called the zero-point energy) is not zero means that the particle in the box can never be at rest. The separation between energy levels (相邻两能级的间隔): is called the wave function of eigenstate n (能量本征波函数);The state of particle related to it is the energy eigenstate (能量本征态).