水电工程施工-Aggregate Production.pptVIP

Aggregate Production The acceptability of natural aggregates is judged upon the physical and chemical properties of the material and the accessibility, proximity to the site and economic workability of the deposit. Glacial（冰川的） deposits are of two type-true glacial and fluvio（河成的、河川作用的）-glacial. The former have been transported by glacial ice and deposited in moraines with virtually no abrasive or sorting action; they would therefore include materials of heterogeneous shapes and sizes and of widely varying qualities. The latter comprise materials that have been deposited and then transported by water; they are usually rounded by abrasion and improved by the disintegration and washing away of the soft portions. Fluvio-glacial materials are usually satisfactory for concrete aggregates. For important work, materials from natural deposits should be washed and classified; often the grading must be adjusted by the addition of material obtained by special screening or from a different source or by crushing. If rock is to be quarried and crushed for aggregate, considerable experimentation is justified in methods of quarrying the particular rock in order to obtain fragmentation best suited to the crusher installation. The trials will involve the interrelated factors of bench height, drilling pattern and size of explosive charges. If the quarry cannot be located within the reservoir area below minimum operating level heavy expense may be necessary to meet environmental requirements. It should not be overlooked that rock can be quarried and processed underground-either to permit continuous operation at high attitudes as in the Pyrenees or for purely environmental reasons. Concrete Production and Handling Mixing Standard practice is for materials to be batched by weight. In America a complete record of every batch is often required, but this does not apply in most other countries. It is not to be inferred that good concrete cannot be produced by volumetric batching, but