口译研究综述II.pptVIP

Session II Evolution of interpreting studies Main points to be covered The evolution of professional standards for interpreting as a specialized occupation The beginnings of research on interpreting The academic institutionalization of the discipline The leading representatives and centres of interpreting research The diversification and integration of interpreting studies since the 1990s The state of the discipline at the beginning of the twenty-first century Socio-professional underpinnings Interpreting has long been practiced in various regions and periods in history with at least some degree of remuneration, legal standards or special know-how, if not training. Yet in a longstanding tradition, it has not been associated with a fixed (professional) status and job definition. Dragomans serving as local intermediaries in a variety of roles (including those of guide, adviser, trader, messenger, spy or negotiator) The nation’s own trusted ‘interpreter secretaries’ involved in the conduct of its affairs of state. The latter sphere witnessed the 1st major wave of professionalization in the 20th century. International conference interpreting The 1919 Paris Peace Conference Mannheim: first translation/interpreting school in college founded in 1930. UN Nuremburg Trial in 1945-6 Professional orgs are founded in 1950s: FIT; AIIC University level training Code of ethics and professional standards National legislation and local institutional constraints Interpreting in the community Intra-social context Legal provisions + associations of court interpreters in the 1920 Standards of professional performance and remuneration Professional interpreting standards: the 1978 Court Interpreters Act Testing and certification National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters in Australia The US National Council for interpretation in Health Care The European Federation of Sign Language Interpreters Translators Association of China (TAC) Academization University level t