颅脑CT婴幼儿与成年人所受辐射剂量的对比研究_医学论文.docVIP

颅脑CT婴幼儿与成年人所受辐射剂量的对比研究_医学论文 颅脑CT婴幼儿与成年人所受辐射剂量的对比研究_医学论文 作者：张培功 殷志杰　秦东京 邓大平 姜兴岳 李祥林 荆纪英　李建平 【摘要】 目的 测定婴幼儿与成年人颅脑CT检查接受辐射剂量的状况，对此进行对比分析并做出结论。方法 随机选择颅脑CT检查婴幼儿和成年人各61例，测量CT扫描患者体重。CT扫描均在120 kVp条件下完成, 其中儿童曝光量为130 mAs，成人的曝光量为130 mAs(在小脑幕上结构)和150 mAs(在幕下结构)。从CT图像上读出扫描层厚和扫描层数。为精确估算辐射剂量，将患者头部模拟为标准水模，选择典型的第三脑室上部横断图像测量矢状径、冠状径，用以模拟水模等值半径、计算头部平均层面剂量、传递给患者的X线能量以及相应有效剂量。结果 婴幼儿头部的模拟水模等值半径随其体重呈增长趋势，对于2 kg的新生儿和11 kg的婴幼儿模拟水模等值半径分别为38.70 mm和75.33 mm。而成年人模拟水模等值半径平均为87.63 mm，体重与其相关性较小。婴幼儿颅顶颅底的平均层面剂量均是22.11 mGy，而成人颅顶平均层面剂量为16.21 mGy，颅底平均层面剂量为18.71 mGy。传递给婴儿的能量大小与病人体重之间的关系(r2=0.527)远比成年人(r2=0.302)明显。病人有效剂量与病人体重间无明显的关联(儿童r2=0.683,成人r2=0.302)。婴幼儿接受的能量(19.11 mJ)近似于成人所接受值(40.25 mJ)的一半。婴幼儿接受的有效剂量为3.26 mSv，是成年人所受有效剂量(0.45 mSv)的7倍。 结论 婴幼儿头部CT检查所受辐射剂量表明婴幼儿CT检查的沉重代价以及降低其剂量的必要性，本研究成果与Huda的研究结论相比较表明了降低婴幼儿辐射剂量的可行性。 【关键词】 CT检查剂量测量传递能量有效剂量患者体重头部尺寸 　　【Abstract】 Objective For routine noncontrast CT examinaton of the head,we compared the radiation doses of infant patients with those of adults in order to make a conclution.Methods Data were obtained from 61 infants,and equal number of adults,who underwent CT head examination.Patient CT data acquired included weight of the patients,Xray tube potential(kVp),mAs,section thickness,and total number of sections.In order to get the accurate radiation dosimetry,the head was modeled as a uniform cylinder of water using patient sizes data,and we choose the section above the third ventricle to measure the sagittal and coronal distance and to calculate mean section doses in the head region,total energy imparted,and corresponding effective doses.All CT scans were performed at 120 kVp,with an average currentexposure time product of 130 mAs for infants, and 130 mAs (superior tentorium structure) and 150 mAs(inferior tentorium structure)for adults.Results The radius of the water cylinder used to model the patient head increased from 38.70mm for 2 kg newborns to 75.33mm for 11 kg infants.For adults,there was little correlation between the weight of patiens and the mean w