a phenomenological explanation of the pressure–area relationship for the indentation of ice two size effects in spherical indentation experiments论文.pdfVIP

Cold Regions Science and Technology 115 (2015) 48–55 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cold Regions Science and Technology journal homepage: /locate/coldregions A phenomenological explanation of the pressure–area relationship for the indentation of ice: Two size effects in spherical indentation experiments Ekaterina Kim a,b,⁎, Erland M. Schulson c a Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems (AMOS), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway b Centre for Sustainable Arctic Marine and Coastal Technology (SAMCoT), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway c Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Indentation tests provide a simple means to study the inelastic behavior of ice and other materials when loaded Received 28 April 2014 under a compressive stress state. Such tests provide force–time plots which are often converted to pressure–area Received in revised form 11 March 2015 (PA) curves. For ice, PA curves are widely used in the design of ships and offshore structures. Despite their usage, Accepted 16 March 2015 and despite many attempts to relate empirical results to theory, the mechanics underlying PA curves is not clearly Available online 21 March 2015 understood. In this paper, it is shown that by taking into account the strain-softening behavior of ice when rapidly