电动汽车充电方式和商业运营模式初探.pdfVIP

2011(1) OVERVIEW 行业观察 Auto Engineer 电动汽车充电方式和商业 运营模式初探 刘坚 （英国牛津大学交通研究中心） 摘要：电动汽车产业化长期受到充电设施不足的制约，文章探讨了充电设施建设过程中面临充电方式选择和充电网 络商业化运营的问题。通过充电站、充电桩和换电站各自的运营属性特征和优势缺陷比较，对不同时期充电设施 的选择、空间分布、潜在的投资建设主体、运营主体及盈利模式提出了政策建议。特别讨论了电池更换站的发展 前景和其对未来汽车和能源产业结构可能带来的影响，强调了充电网络运营者在未来电动汽车产业链体系中的重 要地位。 关键词：电动汽车；充电设施；充电桩；电池更换站；充电网络；商业运营 A Preliminary Study on Charging Infrastructure Development and Business Operation Models Abstract: The industrialization of electric vehicles has been restricted by the insufficiency of charging infrastructure for a long time. This paper discusses the problems faced in the process of the construction of charging infrastructure as well as the commercial operation of charging networks. By comparing the operation characteristics and advantages and shortcomings of charging station, charging post and battery swap station, this paper brings forward policy suggestions on the selection of charging infrastructure, distribution, potential investment parts, operation bodies and profit mode. In particular, this paper discusses the development prospects of battery swap station as well as its potential influence on future vehicles and energy industrial structure. This paper emphasizes the important role played by charging network operators in the EV industrial chain in the future. Key words: Electric vehicle; Charging infrastructure; Charging posts; Battery swap stations; Charging network; Business operation 目前，中国新能源汽车产业正处在成长的关键时 设方面，包括国家电网、南方电网、中石化和中海油 期，一方面中国交通出行机动化率迅速提高，中国汽 都已经陆续推出了各自的充电站建设规划。然而，新 车市场在过去几年维持了年均20% 以上的增长速度， 能源汽车的发展长期受到电池技术、电机和电子控制 特别是在2009 年汽车购置税下调政策刺激下， 中国 技术和充电设施不足的制约，其中充电设施布局和商 汽车产销量同比增长40%，已经成为世界最大汽车产 业运营模式研究正在成为世界各国电动汽车产业化研 销国。与此同时，中国约5