15Australia - Multiculturalism.pptVIP

Australia From Racism to Multiculturalism Fears * * Sir Les Patterson – Australian ‘cultural attaché’ 大使馆专员 Stereotypes “Im not racist. I love all races, particularly white people” Dame Edna Everage ‘housewife superstar’ (and satirist 讽刺作家) Crocodile Dundee – fictional outback hero Steve Irwin – TV ‘outback’ hero Sir Les Patterson – Australian ‘cultural attaché’ 大使馆专员 Sydney Opera House* * Designed to show that Australia is genuinely cultured White Australia Policy Policy adopted (1901) after protests against cheap immigrant labour: 10,000 Pacific Islanders were deported Language dictation test used to keep non-whites out Non-UK Europeans accepted after WW2 ‘Whites-only’ policy phased out from 1966-73 Late 19th C Anti-Chinese Cartoon Multiculturalism (1970s -) Goals - the right to express culture (in contrast to ‘assimilation’) the right to equal treatment the opportunity to take part fully in the economy Criticisms - Right wing: ‘race-based welfare’; a threat to the culture of the majority Left wing: ‘tokenism’; [象征主义] (removing current unfairness does not remove historical unfairness). Right wing nationalist critic: ‘One Nation’ party leader, Pauline Hansen: populist, anti-multiculturalist of the late 90s Current Immigration Arrivals in 1982-83: UK 28% Vietnam 9% New Zealand 7% South Africa 3% India 2% China 1% Social Evidence of Integration: 2/3 of second-generation migrants marry outside their backgrounds. 40% of Australians are of mixed cultural backgrounds. Average scores at university entrance: Australian = 70 Asian students = 79 Other Europe = 72 English-speaking = 69 Non-Eng. Sp. = 72 Successful diversification integration? Arrivals in 2002-03: UK 13% NZ 13% China 7% India 6% South Africa 5% Fears Some public hostility towards asylum seekers and ‘people smuggling’ Also doubts expressed about Muslim immigrants’ loyalty Aboriginal Rights No citizenship till 1967 ‘Day of Mourning and Protest’ 1938 1946 - Strikes for wages by returni